Wednesday, December 25, 2019
Driving On An Open Road - 916 Words
There is something extraordinary about driving on an open road. While listening to your favorite song and watching the scenery change, voyaging into a new adventure. These are my favorite things about traveling; enjoying the journey, not just the destination. Growing up, my family did little traveling. As for our travels comprised of short road trips, lots of laughter, fun and adventure. We were not a privileged family, on the contrary, we were quite the opposite. Although we lacked in the financial department, I do not recall feeling like we did, on account of how much love exists in our family. As I grew older, I took notice of where my friends would spend their summer and winter vacations. On family vacations or exciting excursions. While my vacations were to be spent home. During these days I dreamed of where I would travel to if I had the money. Fast forward to the first time I planned a road trip one summer. Because of seeing pictures of a place called Horseshoe Bend. A remarkable destination, only a few hours from here. For that reason, I grew determined to visit Horseshoe, so, I prepared my journey. While preparing, I had numerous questions: Where do I start? How do I get there? Where do I stay? How long will my visit be? After I began scheduling the dates for my visit, the search for car rentals commenced. As a result, I booked a three-day rental forâ⬠¦wait for itâ⬠¦you will not believe meâ⬠¦twenty-four dollars! I thought I hit the jackpot! This had me thinking, ââ¬â¢howShow MoreRelatedDriving On An Open Road996 Words à |à 4 PagesThereââ¬â¢s something incredible about driving on an open road and watching the scenery change while listening to your favorite song or boarding an airplane and getting that sinking feeling in your stomach while taking off, flying into a new adventure. These are some of my favorite things about traveling; enjoying the journey not just the destination. Growing up my family didnââ¬â¢t do much traveling. Our travels consisted of short road trips, lots of laughter, fun and adventure. We werenââ¬â¢t a privilegedRead MoreThe Dangers Of Texting While Driving1561 Words à |à 7 Pageswhich this powerful object can be dangerous. Texting while driving is one danger many do not realize until something drastic happens. Texting while driving is not only a threat to us, but as well as other drivers, passengers, and pedestrians. However, with the lack of enforcement on the laws and punishments, the use of cell phones while driving does not come as a threat to drivers, which needs to change. Using a cell phone while driving causes an overwhelming amount of accidents, injuries, and deathsRead MoreThe Concept Of Autonomous Vehicles Essay1336 Words à |à 6 Pagesautonomous, or self-driving, vehicles dates back nearly a century. It was first introduced in the 1930s when it graced the pages of science fiction and has continued to be a hot topic ever since (Weber, 2014). Autonomous vehicles, or AVs, are ââ¬Å"those in which operation of the vehicle occurs without direct driver input to control the steering, acceleration, and braking and are designed so that the driver is not expected to constantly monitor the roadway while operating in self-driving modeâ⬠(NHTSA, 2013)Read MorePersuassive Essay on Texting and Driving994 Words à |à 4 Pagesblamed on distracted driving and most of the distractions are caused by cell phone usage.â⬠Many drivers today have such busy lives and never have time to get the things they need to do complete in one dayââ¬â¢s time. This leaves them to get things done while on the road. Checking emails is a top priority for Americans and since many have Smartphoneââ¬â¢s, they will do it on the road as well as send text messages. There are many laws being established to try to prevent distracted driving from happening, althoughRead MoreThe Feeling Of Exasperation While Waiting On Traffic Is A Sensation Known By Many Drivers Essay980 Words à |à 4 Pagesthose people could have been more cautious on the road, the whole situation could have been avoided Not only would they have been spared from dealing with such an awful situation, but the people caught in the aftermath in the form of traffic would have been spared also. Now imagine a vehicle that could have prevented the situation described above. A car that could solve the problems of automobile accidents, traffic, and the time lost when driving. An automobile with the ability to operate withoutRead MoreTexting While Driving Is A Problem904 Words à |à 4 Pagesmessaging while driving has a severe the negative effect on drivers ability to maintain a central lane position, or more serious those cause can death on the road. Texting while driving can be compared to driving while being drunk. The author asserts that 30.2 million persons aged 21 years or older had driven under the influence of alcohol at least once during the past year. (Dubois, et al). As a result, many accidents have taken place by the most of teenagers and adults people who are driving while beingRead MoreTexting While Driving Argumentative Essay773 Words à |à 4 PagesEssay Many accidents are blamed on distracted driving and most of the distractions are caused by cell phone usage. However, some opponents feel that creating a law against cell phone use infringes their personal rights. Others think that banning someone from using their cell phones is equivalent to telling someone that they cant adjust their radio or chat with someone else in their car. However, using a cell phone, whether talking or texting, while driving can be extremely dangerous; it should be madeRead MoreDriving While Texting : Distracted Driving992 Words à |à 4 PagesDuring 2012-2015, more than 13,000 traffic deaths nationwide were due to distracted driving. It is believed that distracted drivers are 23 times more likely to get into a traffic accident as compared to those who are completely focused on the road. The Ohio State Highway Patrol reports that there were 302,307 motor vehicle crashes in Ohio in 2015. These crashes resulted in 1,110 fatalities. 22 of these fatalities were attributed to drivers who were distracted by their phones, texting, emailing orRead MoreCar Accident Essay879 Words à |à 4 Pagescar accident . I didnââ¬â¢t.â⬠In these days a lot of drivers record or photograph how they are speeding up in the streets while driving just for impressing people in social media . People donââ¬â¢t realize that doing those minor things causes severe pains or even death . people are on their phones, sending text messages , driving drank and most of them are having fatigue from driving for long hours or overly stressed after having a though working day, but after having a car accident who is the one to blameRead MoreEssay on Self Driving Automobiles. Is it reality?1040 Words à |à 5 Pagesriding in your driverless car heading to the moutains for a weekend away. This is t he future of the automobile in the 21st century and this technology driven by artificial intelleigence is just around the corner. Donââ¬â¢t freak out if driving in Nevada, and you see a car driving by iteself, the state issued the first licence for a self driven car. The vehicle is identified by a red licence plate along with an infinity symbol. Other states including Florida and California have also passed laws to run the
Tuesday, December 17, 2019
The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde - 1285 Words
ole Shevory Dillon F block English 11/13/2015 Desire in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Robert Stevensonââ¬â¢s novel The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde follows the plight of Dr. Jekyll, giving insight to human desires that are typically repressed within a civilized society. People strive to fit into the society around them. In doing this they often suppress some aspects of their desires. After giving into desire once, the need for it may increase, and control may slowly decrease. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde explores the multi-faceted dimensions of the human psyche. There is a constant battle raging within every person between morality and desire. Very often the more one attempts to suppress natural urges the stronger and more profound they become. Each man has their own desires that they wish to fulfill and all men hope that they have a way to explore those desires without any repercussions. There is no better example of this than the devolution of Dr. Jekyll throughout the book. Originally before Jekyll creates the potion that separates the good and evil parts of his psyche, he is an upstanding pillar of his community. Jekyll desires to better himself and to do so he makes a potion that may separate the evil in him from the good and thus Hyde is born. Jekyll also sees Hyde as an opportunity to be able to live out all of his desires and pleasures without consequences to himself. In his letter to Utterson Jekyll explains this, ââ¬Å"Men haveShow MoreRelatedThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1675 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay Robert Louis Stevensonââ¬â¢s novella, ââ¬Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,â⬠is a type of Gothic literature. In the beginning of the story when Stevenson is describing the lawyer, one ââ¬Å"Mr. Utterson,â⬠the mood is a bit dull. At first glance the reader may think that this story would be a bit boring and drab. Stevensonââ¬â¢s story is far from being another dull piece of British English literature. The setting and mood of this novella are more complexRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1440 Words à |à 6 Pagescomplexity of human nature in his books, especially in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, and Kidnapped. The former is about a lawyer named Mr. Utterson seeking out the truth of Dr. Jekyllââ¬â¢s very strange will. He finds out that Jekyll was transforming himself into Mr. Hyde so that he could have the freedom to do whatever he wanted no matter how evil. By the time Utterson finds all this out and findsJekyll, he is too late and Jekyll has already killed himself. The latter is about David BalfourRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1196 Words à |à 5 Pageswhich do let control you? The good or evil? This was a question that Dr. Jekyll from the book, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, could not answer. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a book about a man who cannot control the two sides of himself, causing him to do terrible things and not even be aware of it. The theme of this book is good versus evil. Dr. Jekyll is fighting his evil side, known as Mr. Hyde, throughout the book. Some people believe that the bookââ¬â¢s theme hasRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde Essay975 Words à |à 4 PagesStevensonââ¬â¢s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a novella that follows the basic outline established by Mary Shelley in Frankenstein. However, Stevensonââ¬â¢s monster is not created from body parts but comes from the dark side of the human personality. In both novels, a man conducts a secret experiment that gets out of control. The result of these experiments is the release of a double, or doppelganger, which causes damage to their creator. While most people think that The Strange Case of Dr. JekyllRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde938 Words à |à 4 PagesVictorian Hopes and Fears Involving Science as Found in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde During the Victorian Era there was a great race to use science to alleviate the suffering of the ill, specifically for those patients who were suffering from ailments of the mind. While some of the methods used to diagnose and treat such afflictions would be considered barbaric in nature by todayââ¬â¢s standards, they were considered cutting edge medical science during the time of the Victorian Era. It was also consideredRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1505 Words à |à 7 PagesDuring the latter portion of the nineteenth century, Robert Louis Stevenson published his novella, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. The fin de sià ¨cle saw the rise of different thoughts and ideas surrounding science and society. These concepts and interpretations sparked the discourse surrounding the theory of degeneration; which was the concern that civilization would fall to a lower state of being. This chapter will be reading multiplex personality as a manifestation of th is broader culturalRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde964 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, written by Robert Louis Stevenson was published in 1886. The story is published during the Victorian era, the Victorian era was an age of repression, there was no violence, no sexual appetite, and there was no great expression or emotion. In the story, Dr. Jekyll creates a potion that turns him into Mr. Hyde, Mr. Hyde is the complete opposite of what people are in the Victorian era. At first, Dr. Jekyll is in control of Mr. Hyde, but towards the end MrRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1739 Words à |à 7 Pagesnovel ââ¬Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hydeâ⬠by Robert Louis Stevenson, the novel ââ¬Å"Frankensteinâ⬠by Mary Shelley, the short story ââ¬Å"The Monkeyââ¬â¢s Pawâ⬠by W.W Jacobs and the short story ââ¬Å"Yellow Wallpaperâ⬠by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. These four texts convey this theme through the use of gothic conventions such as death, madness and darkness. In the novels The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson and Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, Frankenstein and Dr. Jekyll are wronglyRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1290 Words à |à 6 PagesThe novella The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll Mr. Hyde took place throughout the time period of prosperity, when Queen Victoria came to the throne in 1837, due to the expansion of the British Empire and the industrial revolution. Because of this, Great Britain had become primarily the world s most powerful superpower. In spite of Queen Victoria becoming a powerful leader, the social morality changed from rationalism to romanticism, which in turn transformed the society of art, literature, politicsRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1012 Words à |à 5 PagesRobert Louis Stevensonââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hydeâ⬠is a classic Victorian tale of good and evil. The novel tells the story of Dr. Henry Jekyll, a respected scientist who so desperately needs to separate his morality from his self-indulgence. Aware of the evil side of his own being, he seeks to be free of it through scientific experiments resulting into the ââ¬Å"bestialâ⬠Mr. Hyde. Itââ¬â¢s a simple tale about the good and evil that exist in all of us. Through his brilliance, Stevenson
Monday, December 9, 2019
A handbook of essential theory and research - Myassignmenthelp.Com
Question: Discuss about the A handbook of essential theory and research. Answer: The main purpose behind this task is to explain the significance of managers in the 21st century. It depicts that what types of skills and behavior are required by managers in the business to manage the organizational changes. Managers play a significant role to attain long-term goals and objectives of the firm. Along with this, it describes the behavior of the managers that should be humble and polite to maintain harmonization in the business. Organizational change is essential to improve and enhance innovation in the organization. Furthermore, attributes and characteristics of managers have been explained in the paper. The managers help to motivate and encourage employees to improve their skills and knowledge in an organization. In 21st century managers must be skilled in the art of introducing and managing change. In today's era, to achieve great heights is significant and primary factor in the organization. However, it is the biggest challenges for human resource to attain desired goals and objectives. They have to think beyond the material pursuits to fulfill existentialism. The Companies have developed a very systematic way to accomplish long term mission and vision. With the growing digital environment company is seeking the growth in business through the maximum involvement of technology (Easterby-Smith, Thorpe and Jackson, 2012). To secure the place in the market, managers must be skilled and understand technology. This will help the company in growing more effectively and efficiently. In 21st century, managers must have a wide knowledge about how technology can help the company in varied forms. The change in the company can be brought with experienced and creative minds. Matching with the minds of experience can bring the creativity of new generation to next level (Griffin and Care, 201 4). The managers must possess following skills and behavior in order to manage and introduce changes: Up to date knowledge on the topic relating to the betterment of business It is necessary for the managers to be aware about the current affairs that can help the company in its business. They must know about the already existing information and also should be aware about the new policies that take place in the market. This will help them to do business and work as per the needs and requirements of market (Jones and Sallis, 2013). It will help to open the minds of the managers and will become easy for them to bring change in a right manner. This will not only help the business to flourish and expansion but will also help to develop confidence in the managers. Hence, they will give their best efforts to gain competitive advantages and this will also help to generate more outputs and results in an organization. If the managers keep lot of important information about the business it will raise more ideas and thoughts in the minds of workers. In addition, it will also help to reduce the errors and mistakes in business. Therefore, up to date knowledge is the mo st significant skill to manage and identify organizational changes (Anderson and Anderson, 2010). Different ways and methods for using technology In todays digital world, none of the company can survive its business without innovative technology and development. In order to target more and more profitability, the companies are adopting the methods of technology in their work. It is the most time-saving process and it is the easiest way to keep the records of the business and work (Peppard and Ward, 2016). A manager must know the use of technology in many ways. He must possess the ideas and skills to use and utilize new technology in the organization. Furthermore, he should be smart enough to make optimum utilization of resources and technology. Managers must know how to be attained growth and success of the company. They must use the networking services in order to convey their message from one client to another. They must know the process of doing and developing software that can help them having a direct communication with the clients within given time period (Chen, 2015). Drawing out the work with accurate information through models The managers should be creative in terms to gain long-term advantages in the competitive market. The managers should keep necessary information to expand the business of the firm. In todays era, they can use several management models in order to convey their message. This makes it easy to understand the topic. The models must contain accurate information which can make sense to the business. It will also help to save time and efforts within the organization. Managers must know the creative areas of working which can help to maximize the profitability of the company (Van Der Aalst, 2013). Working with collaboration and cooperation Working with collaboration is a strategy of growing the business on a large scale. In 21st century, managers should be quite capable enough in order to tie up with the companies and to maintain goodwill in the global market (Galegher, Kraut and Egido, 2014). They should possess the quality of convincing others employees very well. This will allow the company to make good relationship with competitors in the world. Additionally, these relations can become helpful for the company in order to produce more resources and to fulfill the needs of business. Rising contacts will allow them to work with different business holders in the competitive market. This will increase profits of the business. Working with collaboration allows the business to run business activities and operations effectively and efficiently on a large scale. Collaboration and cooperation help to handle and resolve the issue related to business and work. In this way, cooperation and collaboration are significant aspects of the business to manage the organizational change (Colebatch, Hoppe, and Noordegraaf, 2010). Promoting the company through advertisement Advertisement is very common and most effective method of reaching more and more people in the market. Managers can provide the advertisement in order to promote and encourage the business. They should be creative enough to use attractive phrases that can attract more and more clients in the world. They should know the smart way of advertisement and promotion that help to increase sale of the firm. They must be aware about the changes brought in the areas of advertising and publishing. They should know the rates of printing and publishing in order to avoid any inconsistency. In order to bring the change in the society, a company can reach to more and more people through the advertisements. This is a most effective way of promoting the business and to make a good position in the eyes of each and every individual. For this purpose, managers promote and encourage advertisement and promotional activities within the organization (Li and Lam, 2013). Using different methods of explaining ideas The managers should know the ways of explaining their thoughts and ideas in a more expressive and attractive way. They can make presentation in such a manner that it will become easy to understand and explain the several workers. In addition, managers and supervisors should use attractive technologies and resources to assist the employees in many ways. In order to bring change in an effective way in the company they should be capable enough to conduct seminars and hold conferences on a large scale. Brochures must be provided in order to make the members of organization aware about the new policies and strategies. This will develop a healthy and favorable working environment in the business. To make a good financial position in the market, it is necessary for the workers to understand about the work in an effective manner. Hence, the manager should use the interesting ways to grow and explore the trading activities and operations worldwide (Hatch and Cunliffe, 2013). Motivating employees to work Managers must bring out the capability of motivating the employees to do work effectively and efficiently. Motivation develops and builds confidence in the employees which help them to do tasks and duties in an appropriate manner. Managers should know different methods of motivating the employees. It helps to bring desired outputs and results in an effective and accurate manner (Bakker and Leiter, 2010). The managers must provide complete information related to business in order to continue their confidence towards work. Also they must check and analyze actions and activities of the employees. In this way, motivation provides several benefits to the workers. It will help to maintain sustainability in the organization. This will keep the business environment more intact with its employees. It will also help to make good working environment in the organization and will help to conduct business activities smoothly. It will also help to reduce absenteeism of the employees in the organiza tion (Mowday, Porter and Steers, 2013). Proper communication skills A manager must know how to present himself in front of authorities and other companies. In todays era, every company requires a qualified and professional employee in terms of communication, culture and language. Proper communication skills should be maintained by the managers in order to stand out against the competitors. Having good communication skills will help to attract more and more clients and will increase the chances of promotion within the organization. It is one of the most important aspects that a manager should maintain and use. The managers can easily overcome on resistance to change by maintaining proper communication with workers in the workplace (Dozier, Grunig and Grunig, 2013). Behavior towards the organization It is necessary for a manager to be polite in behavior with the employees in the workplace. Working with harmony, will lead to better functioning of business. The behavior of the manager has direct impact on the employee. If the manager listens and understands the problem and resolves the issues of the company effectively, it becomes easy for them to bring change in the system of management. It will also help to increase the chances of promotion and transfer in an organization. In order to give greater inputs in the business, it is recommended to possess a positive behavior by the manager in the business. The positive behavior helps to improve and enhance productivity and efficiency of the employees. It will also help to increase revenue and returns of the firm. Furthermore, employees show their interest towards work and organizational goals (Wagner III and Hollenbeck, 2014). Accountability and transparency The company is aware about the needs and requirements of its employees. This makes easy for the managers to be accountable and responsible towards the issues of employees. The manager should be easily answerable to the company. This helps them to satisfy the demands of the firm. Hence it makes the organization easily answerable to its employees. They can meet the requirements of its clients easily which helps in developing and maintaining good relationship with its customers. It is the duty of the manager not to hide any information from the employers and the customers. The corporation must not try to fool them. They must know about the strategies to develop in the market in order to carry out the organizational change. The method of accountability and transparency is another skill that a manager must possess in him in order to carry out the change (Christensen and Cheney, 2014). Conclusion On the above-mentioned limelight event, it is necessary for the manager to be accountable to its clients and employees. All effective skills and behavior should be present in the managers in order to bring the organizational changes. A good and effective manager thinks about the growth and success of the firm. Furthermore, the paper shows that how a manager can bring revolution in the business through their skills and talents. In todays era, the use of technology has become a very common aspect of business. Hence the managers must be very well aware about the way of doing work. The paper gives a brief knowledge about the behavioral attitude of managers towards its employees which helps in resolving and handling the issues and problem in a hassle-free manner. All these factors help to fulfill the needs, and requirements of the business. It also helps to stay in the competitive market in the global world. References Anderson, D. and Anderson, L.A., 2010.Beyond change management: How to achieve breakthrough results through conscious change leadership. John Wiley Sons. Bakker, A.B. and Leiter, M.P. eds., 2010.Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research. Psychology press. Chen, C.H. ed., 2015.Handbook of pattern recognition and computer vision. World Scientific. Christensen, L.T. and Cheney, G., 2014. Peering into transparency: Challenging ideals, proxies, and organizational practices.Communication Theory,25(1), pp.70-90. Colebatch, H.K., Hoppe, R. and Noordegraaf, M. eds., 2010.Working for policy. Amsterdam University Press. Dozier, D.M., Grunig, L.A. and Grunig, J.E., 2013.Manager's guide to excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Easterby-Smith, M., Thorpe, R. and Jackson, P.R., 2012.Management research. Sage. Galegher, J., Kraut, R.E. and Egido, C., 2014.Intellectual teamwork: Social and technological foundations of cooperative work. Psychology Press. Griffin, P. and Care, E. eds., 2014.Assessment and teaching of 21st century skills: Methods and approach. Springer. Hatch, M.J. and Cunliffe, A.L., 2013.Organization theory: modern, symbolic and postmodern perspectives. Oxford university press. Jones, G. and Sallis, E., 2013.Knowledge management in education: Enhancing learning education. Routledge. Li, M.P. and Lam, B.H., 2013. Cooperative learning.The Active Classroom, The Hong Kong Institude of Education. Mowday, R.T., Porter, L.W. and Steers, R.M., 2013.Employeeorganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic press. Peppard, J. and Ward, J., 2016.The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Van Der Aalst, W.M., 2013. Business process management: a comprehensive survey.ISRN Software Engineering,2013. Wagner III, J.A. and Hollenbeck, J.R., 2014.Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. Routledge.
Sunday, December 1, 2019
Peloponnesian War - A Strategy Comparison Essays - Peloponnesian War
Peloponnesian War - A Strategy Comparison Peloponnesian War - A Strategy Comparison "Just before the Peloponnesian War began, Pericles of Athens and King Archidamus of Sparta provided net assessments of the comparative strengths and weaknesses of the two sides. Evaluate their projections." A study of the strategies and projections of King Archidamus of Sparta as compared to those of Pericles of Athens reveal Archidamus' understanding of the "superiority of land power as a basis for success at sea" in the ancient Mediterranean - as well as Pericles' naivet as to this tenet. Background The Peloponnesian War between the city-states of Athens and Sparta (and their respective allies) lasted from 431-404 BC. Conflicts between the two cites dated back further, however, with skirmishes from 460-445 effectively ending in a draw. Major fighting in the Peloponnesian War occurred from 431-421 and ended in Athenian victory. Renewed conflict raged from 413-404, ultimately concluding in Spartan victory. An understanding of these very different cultures is illustrative of their leaders' ultimate strategies and projections before the conflict. At the time of the war, Greece was divided into two great alliances. Sparta dominated the Peloponnesian League, an alliance in the Peloponnese region. These "allies" included small states close enough to the militant Sparta to be easily controlled; stronger (and more remote) states over which Sparta still had considerable influence; and the truly strong, independent cities of Thebes and Corinth. Spartan dominance rose from its unquestionable position as the preeminent continental army of the region. The farming and manual labor of the city was provided by slaves, which freed the male citizens to serve in the army. Spartan boys were all trained to serve in the military as professional soldiers, with individual and family needs subordinated to the needs of the state. The Athenian Empire was a more voluntary alliance of city-states that were impressed by the Athenian Navy's prowess in the Persian War and were willing to pay for its protection. Athens used this revenue to further improve its navy, as well as improve its own infrastructure and defenses. Included in these improvements was the construction of large walls around the city and down to the port at Piraeus, home of the Athenian Navy. The open Athenian democracy stood in stark contrast to the strict oligarchy of Sparta. A political, philosophical and cultural center, Athens' power and prosperity depended on its command of its great maritime empire, which was centered on the Aegean Sea. Its navy grew along with the alliance. There was an increasing concern in the Peloponnesian League that Athens' rapid growth was an opportunistic exploitation of Athenian allies and a direct threat to the League. Well-founded or not, these fears came to a head in 432, when Spartan allies lobbied hard for the League to check Athenian growth by declaring war. At these debates, a Spartan ally from Corinth chastised the perceived aggressive expansion of Athens, stating "(Athenians) are by nature incapable of either living a quiet life themselves or of allowing anyone else to do so." Spartan Strategy It was at this point in the debates that Sparta's King Archidamus revealed his wisdom in both politics and war fighting. Noting Athens' naval superiority and expansive financial resources, he was fully aware that a conflict could not end quickly. "I fear," he explained, "that it is more likely that we shall be leaving (this war) to our children after us." Archidamus knew well the tenet proffered by the great Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu centuries before, who stated, "Victory is the main object in war. If this is long delayed, weapons are blunted and morale depressed. When troops attack cities, their strength will be exhausted." A protracted campaign would not be good for Sparta. A delay in actually beginning warfare, however, would aid the Spartan cause. Archidamus proposed drawing out diplomatic efforts at reconciliation in order to buy time for preparations. He then proposed courting new allies with the specific goal of increasing naval and financial resources. He was keenly aware that the mightiest army in the world could not win without naval support. Archidamus did not suppose that he could match the Athenian Navy, however, no matter how many new allies Sparta courted. His strategy instead was to use his army to dominate Athenian allied cities and take all Athenian land outside the walled city of Athens - in effect, hold it hostage. He would then use his navy to block Athens' main external source of grain supplies from Crimea. Corinthian allies proposed additional tactics, including the establishment of fortified camps on seized Athenian lands and fostering revolts among Athenian ally cities, which would choke off revenue to the war chest. War was still
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