Engaging in Cio-Cxo “Conversations That Matter”

Individual Assignment Engaging in CIO-CxO â€Å"Conversations that Matter†: An Interview with Peter Keen. MIS Quarterly Executive 9(1): (2010). Hamza Lahkim Bennani 10-24-2012 MIS 3301 Dr. Chihab Benmoussa Reflection Q1: I have heard you say more than once that CxOs are not interested in â€Å"IT. † Can you explain what you mean by that? Peter Keen, The chairman and advisor of Keen Innovations, answered this question very clearly, where he stated that it is important that CxOs know the importance of information systems in their company and how it can extend and integrate relationships between the companies processes.For the majority of CxOs, knowing the innards of an information system is not as crucial as knowing how the plateform developed is used and how it can increase the performance of a company. He talked about Facebook where he showed how 300 million people use it daily but don’t know how the plateform works, they just use it for communicating with people . CxOs are tuning out, and the more comfortable they are about the value of IT, the less they want or need to tune in on the old technology discourses† said Peter Keen, which means that even when CxOs start using IS in their company and giving it importance, they don’t regret it and think that is enables more business capacities. â€Å"Over the last five years, the whole business has become much moreIT-aware and IT-literate, and sees the need to get more involved in IT so that business benefits are delivered.As a result, It has become more influential and more proactive. , and has driven an increasingly an entreprisewide culture. † (Andrew Mullock, CIO, BNP Paribas) As far as CIOs are concerned, Peter Keen thinks that their role in the corporation is as important as the role of any other CxO, sometimes even more important. CIOs know exactly what is going on inside the comany, and through information technology they know how to solve problems in a very efficient a nd effective way.CIOs should be among the decision making commitee inside the company; their influence on strategical decisions could be very important and fruitful. Peter Keen thinks that business-savvy CIOs are the ones who know how to communicate with other people inside the company, from the CxOs to the emloyees in the IS or IT departement. Key skills of today’s CIO include the ability to translate Board requirements into solutions. He needs to talk the language of the Board and the investors. All innovation in our industry will be technology- led or technology facilitated. (McGill, 2011)As I see it, CxOs and CIOs are interdependant in an organization, they should all work in a harmony that will enable the company to perform better in terms of solving inner problems that will eventually enhance profi making and more revenues. It is illustrated in the example Peter Keen gave by saying that and General is not an army without his subordinates. In this case, the general are t he CxOs, and the subordinate are the CIO and the people working in the IT department. To put it in a nutshell, companies should not think that It is involved only when there is something not working weel inside the company and work is not well synchronised.Q2: As you look back at the last 30 years, how do you think that the role of the CIO has changed in terms of its focus on the operations mission vis-a- vis business strategy, and what does that suggest for CIO role changes in the future ? For Peter Keen, the role of the CIO nowadays compared to 30 years ago underwent some changes. Before, a CIO was just a technology shop manager that is considered one of the costs to be controlled; but years later, the role of the CIO has changed to be a crucial part of an organization, that is now responsible for many tasks such as cost containment and operations liability.Insourcing and outsourcing is also one of the tasks a CIO is responsible of, and it is bringing competitive advantage to orga nizations. CIOs have got a lot of attention recently despite the economic turdowns in the recent years. CIOs have some skills and capabilities that can help comapnies concentrate on business operations and help them solve some cross-functional problems that still confuses many entreprises. â€Å"For yesterday’s CIOs, and many of today’s as well, it was enough to have two out of three key capabilities – personal leadership, technology leadership and business acumen. Tomorrow’s CIO will need all three. † (Brumby, 2010)I think that CIOs should be in charge of more strategic tasks. Being a CIO and evolving well inside the company is difficult and requires certain skills that not all CxOs have. As for Peter keen, he assumes that the CIO’s role will have more importance and gets more attention within time in the future. The following diagram illustrates the role of a CIO in an organization and how it works. (IBM, 2008) Q3: At your ICIS 2009 presen tation you talked about â€Å"conversations that matter. † Could you expand on that? Peter Keen in the answer of this question focused most on innovation, and how the CIOs innovation can better help an organization.Besides, Professor Keen talekd about the importance of use of the appropriate language to between CIOs. He also pointed that for a conversation to be effective, the things that should be discussed are things that are worth sharing, questioning and arguing about rather than shop-talk and social chat. For Peter keen, some intersections that are between CxOs, CIOs, IT proffesionals and educators’ dialogs, are the kind of discussions where CxOs are present and that are never cancelled anr successful because there is someone high up in the organization who cares about them as personal and leadership riority. In these intersections, some irreversible business decisions are made, where most fruitful discussions are about how to enter a market overseas and other imp ortant subjects. CIOs are usually present in those conversations for the aim of bringing somme innovation in sloving some issues like costs of operations and not discussing them. Few years ago, moving IT as a profession towards business awareness has well progressed as CxOs came late to see that IT is a great opporunity for them to evoluate the coordination of technology for thei company, saying that they were unimaginative ever before.As I see it, companies have been losing or badly investing in some things that are worthless relatively to what IT has done in the business domain. Q4: Why do conversations that matter in CxO circles address innovation, rather than invention? Dr. Keen thinks that innovation is better than innovation because invention is bout product features the logic of benefits, however innovation is about inventing value. As far as CxOs are consered, Peter Keen stated that they should be among the exclusive people in an organization to be able to talk about innovat ion.For him, no invention nor innovation should be under/overestimated. RFID is an example of the problems happening while going from invention to business value. â€Å"Successful companies actively cultivate new ideas, put those ideas to work quickly and efficiently, and harvest the business value benefits of successful innovations. Discussions of innovation often focus on what a company offers, that is, its products and services. In Managing Information Technology Innovation for Business Value, Esther Baldwin and Martin Curley show how successful IT innovations pay back handsomely as well.Innovation is not just about what a company offers, innovation is also about how a company conducts business and how IT innovation can transform an organization into a significantly more efficient company. † (Baldwin & Curley , 2009) What Peter tried to say here is that investing in an innovative IT solution provides even greater business value. Practicing innovation is necessary to make a firm’s IT investment successful, and that is what some Intel Corporation IT managers have learned through many years of experience. Q5: Can you give us some examples of conversations for innovation?Peter Keen explained and showed what conversations for innovation talk about, mostly about how IT is changing the financial structures of the enterprise in a deleveraged world, and how we are moved to a variable cost business model. He used Amazon as an example to show that IT makes organizations decrease their costs the maximum; for Amazon for instance, thei have over 2 million storesbut did not invest in fixed capital assets. For him, the discussions and conversations between the CIO and the CFO is very important, and that a good collaboration between the two is very advised for the better making of money.Both of them can learn from the other, and so come up with very good ideas and make strategic decisions when needed. He also said that these one of a kind companies like Google , Amazon, Apple and Wal-Mart inspire other companies and help them make better decisions based on one of a kind companies. There is the famous example of Wal-Mart, where CIOs and other CxOs work in harmony and have conversations mostly on implementing new strategies that will help them minimize costs as much as they could. The strategy of Wal-Mart is having no warehouses.When they run out of stock, people in the IT departement can have access and check their suppliers warehouse and see if the product they run out of stock from is available, if so they just order it through this database. This strategy helped Wal-Mart minimize the cost of the warehouses, their electricity bills, less employees to pay, and finally decrease their phone bills fee. Q6: Let us take the example of a currently-hyped technical issue such as cloud computing. How can we transform that into a conversation for innovation?For this question, Peter Keen said that when talking about cloud computing as a conversation for innovation, things that could be discussed are about how can cloud computing change the variabe cost structure of the entreprise, and how it can add flexibility and speed of responde for the IT organization. For Dr. Keen, chaning the customer experience is very important, and IT can help do that. He said that it is useless if CxOs are going to talk about virtualization or open cloud standards. Cloud computing has present an attractive opportunity to both small business and large enterprise.Traditional information systems were predominately operated on physical machines that were in house. The emergence of cloud computing makes it possible to develop information systems on virtual machines that are hosted by cloud service providers. For the companies that IT is not their core business, cloud computing presents an opportunity to save costs on the development of information systems that support their major business operations. (Chou, 2007) Q7: What is it that you think the IT prof essional worker in general knows that brings special value to the organization?What is their distinctive competence in the next decade? For Peter Keen, the competences that distinguish IT professionals are bein good at analyzing business processes and multi-functional at the same time. It is in usually necessary and plays a crucial role in the innovation conversation because CIOs know how to integrate and put all pieces together. He gave the example of people in the organization not kowing how things work in other departements, but stated that people in the IT departement have an idea about the general processes of the organizations they are working for.What also distinguishes IT people is that they really understand data assurance, data integrity and version control, which are distinctive competences thay have. For Keen, it is important not to underestimate the difficulties of implementing the innovation of a new genration technology. The IT coordination skills can equally live in the business, the IT organization, or in a third-party provider. In a world where achieving results can often require the participation of a multitude a loosely related resources, effective coordination skills are paramount. Among these skills we find coordination, analysis and innovation. (Reichental, 2011)Q8: What does all this mean for IS academics as researchers and teachers? Keen briefly stated that executive education needs to be reinvented in order to develop the next generation of IT leaders, for him CIOs and CxOs who innovate have their efforts becoming practice by other IT professionals who are growing in order to become next CIOs or CxOsIn terms of their educational function, IS academics need to consider their role in the wider context of social and political changes. These include the delivery of generic IS/IT skills through all levels and types of education (Gough, 2000). (Hemingway, 2000) References Charles, B. (2002).Successful e-business strategy: The potential of e lectronic marketplaces. Sydney: Pearson Education Australia. David , K. , & Richard , H. (1993). Business information systems. (5th ed. ). New York: McGraw Hill. Hemingway, C. , & Gough, T. (2000). The value of information systems teaching and research in the knowledge society. In Fluency with information technology (Vol. 3). Cranfield: Hussain, K. M. , & Hussain, D. S. (1995). Information systems for business. (2nd ed. ). Padstow, UK: T. J Press. Judith, C. S. (2001). Introduction to information systems. Crawfordsville: R. R. Donnelley. DOI: www. wiley. com/college/simon Kroenke. & Hatch, (1994). Management information systems. (3rd ed. ). Watsonville: McGraw Hill. Leonard, J. , & Joseph, V. (2003). Information systems today. New JErsey: Prentice Hall. Paul, L. (1994). Information-systems development. Great Britain: Clays Ltd, St Ives pls. Richard, N. (2002). Service management: Strategy and leadership in service business. (3rd ed. ). Weinheim: John Wiley & sons, LTD. Stuart, B. (2 002). Knowldege management systems: Theory and practice. (2nd ed. ). London: The Alden Press. Turban, R. P. (2003). Introduction to informatin technology. (2nd ed. ). Danvers: John Wiley & sons, Ltd. DOI: wwww. wiley. com/college/turban

Avoiding Alignment Trap Essay

This case analysis discusses the findings in the article ‘Avoiding the Alignment Trap’, where even though most companies are aware that IT must be aligned with business strategy in terms of aligning IT expenses with revenue growth, over 11% of companies that align IT with business strategy spend more than 13% on average on IT expenses with a resulting of less than 14% average in revenue growth. The objective of this case analysis is to recommend a governance arrangement that will lead most companies that are currently have less effective IT alignment with business alignment to IT-enabled growth where the cost of IT more than compensates with the revenue growth of the company. The recommendation is to adopt a Duopoly governance arrangement where both the CEO and CIO make decisions, form a committee to oversee IT decisions and business strategy decisions made by these leaders, and ensure adequate decision making and monitoring of performance based on IT and business-relate d decisions. The ISO 38500 can be used as a framework to monitor these decisions and evaluate IT decisions based on their effectiveness, alignment with overall strategy and the value they bring to the organization. CURRENT SITUATION According to the article, almost every company is aware that IT and business strategies must be aligned in order to gain competitive advantage in their industry. This means their IT spending must be matched with their growth strategies. To test this notion, the authors of this article surveyed 452 companies and received 504 responses. The survey determined the companies IT spending and 3-year sales compounding to determine annual growth rate. In their survey, they have found the following: 1.74% of these companies do not align IT to their business strategies. Companies allocate enough funds to their IT necessary to keep the systems running. It is not meant to add value to the business. As a result, their growth rate is 2% below on average on a three-year span 2.11% of these companies have highly aligned IT with business strategy, but not highly effective. Their IT spending was 13% higher than average and their revenue growth rate was 14% below average  3.8% of these companies spent 15% lower than average on IT that resulted in an 11% above average revenue growth rate. 4.7% of these companies spent 6% lower than average on IT that resulted in more than 35% above average revenue growth rate. To apply these findings against the different governance models, the 74% of companies that do not align IT to their business strategies have a Federal Model of Governance Arrangements. Federal Models are decisions made by leaders from different functional departments and in this type of Governance Model, they mostly pay more attention on Business Application Needs and less on IT Principles, IT Architecture & Infrastructure Strategies. 11% of companies that are highly aligned and yet incur more spending than revenue growth fall to the Business Monarchy Governance Model. In this type of governance arrangements, decisions are made by senior business leader. In the Charles Schwab example in the article, their governance arrangement is IT Monarchy. Their decisions were made by IS leader and put more emphasis on IT Architecture, Infrastructure strategies and have resulted in worst business application needs. CRITERIA To put an organization in an IT-enabled growth quadrant, an organization should adopt a Duopoly Model of governance arrangement where senior business leaders and IS leaders make decisions jointly. In other words, the CEO and CIO must work closely together to formulate the best IT principles and align it with the firm’s business strategy as a whole. Also, they must implement information technology that is less complex. In the words of Leonardo Da Vinci per the article ‘simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.’ By reducing complexity, the company builds simplified, standardized infrastructure rather than extensive customizing of information technology. With these 2 put together, it can result in effective IT governance which will enable growth in revenue in the future. Alternatives and Recommendations With respect to the article, the 85% of the companies that fall to the less effective quadrant in IT governance can start adopting a Duopoly Governance Arrangement where both the CEO and CIO work together and make decisions  jointly. With Duopoly, a committee can be formed to oversee IT decisions, rate the IT leadership by the CIOs & continuous monitoring managers within the organization in their decision making & oversight. However, some organizations do not adopt a duopoly governance arrangement due to its size. Therefore, the next governance arrangement that can be adopted by the organizations is the Business Monarchy where decisions are made by senior business leader. With this model, the business leader can ask for the financial manager’s help to identify the kinds of information and system the organization needs, perform cost-benefit analysis, evaluate options based on priority setting and needs assessment and determine what’s important and upgrade as benefit. Most of all, there must be adequate communication throughout the organization of the decision. The article suggests that to achieve an effective IT governance, companies must keep their IT environment simple. Although achieving a simple IT environment and standardizing it within the organization requires investment of time and money, in the future this can lead to lower costs. Even though complexity can still creep in, it is suggested that the company have an early-warning indicator that will keep track of IT spending with product development. If this ratio starts to increase, it is a sign that it’s time for another simplification. Down the road, companies can reach th e IT-enabled quadrant where costs are less and revenue growth is more. RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN To avoid the alignment trap, the best governance arrangement that can help an organization change its status from being trapped in aligning IT with business strategy to IT-enabled growth is to adapt a Duopoly governance arrangement where senior business leaders and IS leaders make decisions jointly-meaning the CEO and the CIO work closely together. Both these decision makers can form a committee to oversee IT decisions and ensure managers are monitored in their decision-making and oversight. They must also adapt a simple IT application; eliminate add-ons and replacing legacy systems. For guidance in decision making by the committee, the organizations can adopt ISO 38500 where the following 6 principles focuses on 3 main tasks. These 6 principles are: 1.Responsibility – everyone involved in the  committee should understand responsibilities and have the authority to meet those responsibilities 2.Strategy – aligning IT Strategy & Organizational Strategy and analysing the current and future situations of the organization and consider both the needs of organization and those that can be done within its own IS department 3.Acquisitions – can be made after both careful and rational analysis. The acquisition decision must be transparent and justified 4.Performance – information systems are implemented such that service levels and quality levels meet the organization’s needs both now and in the future 5.Conformance – compliance with regulations & legislations 6.Human Behaviour – ensures respect for current and evolving needs of all individuals involved The 3 main tasks are: 1.Evaluate current and future needs on a continual basis – focuses on continual improvement & incorporates the principles above both now and in the future 2.Preparation and Implementation of investment plans – the committee needs to make sure that responsibilities for plans and policies are clearly being assigned 3.Monitor performance and conformance to policies against the plans – crucial in monitoring expected service levels being met. If this is not done properly, then there won’t be appropriate information for decision making. Reaching the IT-enabled quadrant is not easy and it involves a big investment in simplifying the IT used within the organization. This is why most organizations focuses temporarily on effectiveness of IT implementations within the organization more than alignment of IT with organizational strategy. This means giving up specific applications customized on a particular division in order to achieve its desired performance and centralizing and simplifying a good part of the IT function.

Christianity and The Lutheran Religion - 847 Words

The Lutheran religion was originally branched from Christianity, and is a massive Protestant denomination currently. Nearly 66 million people worldwide practice this religion (Lutheranism). Lutheran has a membership which exceeds any other Protestant denomination. Germany is the primary Lutheran country, as it was from the start (Martin Luther 1483-1546, BBC). This religion dates back to 1517, the founder of this religion was Martin Luther (McHugh, John). Martin Luther was born on November 10th, 1483 in Eisleben, Germany (Michael J. O’Neal/Sydney Jones, 225). According to a legend, Martin Luther was riding a horse when a storm struck and he was hit by lightening. He said: â€Å"Help, Sainte Anne! I’ll become a monk.† He was saved and made an Augustinian monk (Michael J. O’Neal/Sydney Jones, 226). Two years later, Luther was ordained and began teaching at the University of Wittenberg. In 1512 he earned a doctorate in theology (Lutheranism). Over the next few years, Martin Luther began to believe that the Catholic Church was being dishonest. This lead Martin Luther to post his ‘95 theses’ against the practice of selling indulgence (Lutheranism). He hoped for a reformation of the church, however once it became obvious to him that a reformation would not occur; he began to share his own views. He continued to inform people on his perspective, regardless of being excommunicated from the church. Luther had transformed his view on the religion; believing that Christians are savedShow MoreRelatedProtestant Reformation1706 Words   |  7 Pagessignificant number of priests in the 16th century tried to transform Christianity back to its previous Biblical basis and simplicity. Initially, priests channeled much of their efforts in reforming the church, but they discovered that it was very challenging, and the only viable solution was to split completely from the Catholic Church. There were four movements as a result of the reformation events. They include the Anglicans, Lutherans, Reformed Tradition (Calvin), and the Anabaptists. Key figures inRead MoreSweden : A Scandinavian Country922 Words   |  4 Pagesparliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. Their current monarch is Carl XVI Gustaf. The main religion is Lutheranism, a form or Protestant Christianity. Other practiced religions includes: Paganism, Catholicism, Judaism, and Jehovah’s Witnesses. There is a lso numerous individuals in Sweden who are atheist. Sweden became a kingdom around the twelfth century where Christianity was their main religion. By the middle ages, Sweden controlled Finland and Norland. By this time King Gustav Vasa was inRead MoreMy Interview to a Lutheran Essay561 Words   |  3 Pagessomeone I knew. So I decided to interview my roommate. Ive known him since sixth grade, and he is a Lutheran. I was raised a Catholic and I had a lot of friends who were Lutheran. When I was a kid I really didnt think any differently about it, but now for this paper I get to interview a friend and see what his religion is all about and what he thinks. I asked him first about what his religion was about, like a little summary about it. It all started with Martin Luther and his 95 Theses that heRead MoreThe Beliefs that Effect Christianity Essay1228 Words   |  5 PagesChristianity is a diverse religion with a multitude of beliefs that comprise the core of the religion. There are an abundant number of sects within Christianity however there are a few core principles which are generally true for all of them, for example the belief of the Holy Trinity or better known as the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. This is what would be considered a primary belief. A primary belief is an idea that is a generally universal idea that is accepted by all the differentRead MoreSite Visit Report : St. Paul Lutheran Church1361 Words   |  6 Pages33326 St. Paul Lutheran Church (954) 384-9096 Lutheran Hours of worship: Jean Gillis Sundays 8 A.M. 11 A.M. Site Visit Report: St. Paul Lutheran Church The Lutheran religion is a branch of Protestant Christianity, and it was a result of their founder, Dr. Martin Luther, stepping away from the Roman Catholic religion in his mission to reform it. Luther’s intention was never to create a new religion; he solely wantedRead MoreComparing Christian Vs. Baptism1013 Words   |  5 PagesComparing Lutheran vs Baptism Lutherans and Baptists are both Christians who are also Protestants. They share many beliefs and have more similarities than differences. Both happen to be reformists within the fold of Christianity. However, there are many different branches of Baptists with differences between them too. In Lutheran, baptism is seen as a work of God and so even infants are baptized. On the other hand, baptism is only for believers among Baptists, and this is the reason why infants areRead MoreChristianity And Church History During The 20th Century1063 Words   |  5 Pagesstory is told from the perspective of the common people or individual. In this paper, the history of Christianity will told from below. It will be told from the prospective of an individual who was born and lived in South Africa in the middle 20th century, during apartheid. First, this paper will briefly discuss the beginning of Christianity in South Africa. Second, it will discuss Christianity and church history during the 20 th century, which is the main time period referenced in the paper. ThirdRead MoreLutheranism And Calvinism857 Words   |  4 PagesThese are the reasons I believe Lutheranism is better than Calvinism and why you should leave the Catholic Church and come and join Lutheranism. Firstly, Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestant Christianity which identifies with the theology of Martin Luther. Martin Luther (1483–1546) was a German monk, reformer, and theologian. Calvinism is the religious doctrines of John Calvin. Calvin stressed that people are saved through Gods grace, not through their own merits. The most famous of CalvinsRead MoreMartin Luther the Evangelical Educator Essay examples1443 Words   |  6 Pagescatholic faith had existed for centuries (since 325 C.E. Constantinople, Council of Nicaea) without opposition to it legitimacy, but at the turn of 1500s new ideas on Christian belief erupted all over Europe causing a split between the Church. Christianity prior to the reformation was a part of the worshippers’ everyday life. Their home, work, and social lives were oriented around the Church, yet many 16th century Christians before the Reformation did not fully understand why. Most 16th centuryRead MoreHomosexuality in Religion1795 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Homosexuality in Christianity† Comparable to racism and sexism, homophobia is another type of discrimination that will, unfortunately, most likely always exist throughout this generation. Religion and The idea of homosexuality tends to be offensive to many religiously people, especially Christians. One of the â€Å"Golden Rules† stated in the Bible is to treat others how you would like to be treated, yet homosexuals are mistreated by many Christians all the time. The issue of homosexuality in Christianity has many

Driving On An Open Road - 916 Words

There is something extraordinary about driving on an open road. While listening to your favorite song and watching the scenery change, voyaging into a new adventure. These are my favorite things about traveling; enjoying the journey, not just the destination. Growing up, my family did little traveling. As for our travels comprised of short road trips, lots of laughter, fun and adventure. We were not a privileged family, on the contrary, we were quite the opposite. Although we lacked in the financial department, I do not recall feeling like we did, on account of how much love exists in our family. As I grew older, I took notice of where my friends would spend their summer and winter vacations. On family vacations or exciting excursions. While my vacations were to be spent home. During these days I dreamed of where I would travel to if I had the money. Fast forward to the first time I planned a road trip one summer. Because of seeing pictures of a place called Horseshoe Bend. A remarkable destination, only a few hours from here. For that reason, I grew determined to visit Horseshoe, so, I prepared my journey. While preparing, I had numerous questions: Where do I start? How do I get there? Where do I stay? How long will my visit be? After I began scheduling the dates for my visit, the search for car rentals commenced. As a result, I booked a three-day rental for†¦wait for it†¦you will not believe me†¦twenty-four dollars! I thought I hit the jackpot! This had me thinking, ’howShow MoreRelatedDriving On An Open Road996 Words   |  4 PagesThere’s something incredible about driving on an open road and watching the scenery change while listening to your favorite song or boarding an airplane and getting that sinking feeling in your stomach while taking off, flying into a new adventure. These are some of my favorite things about traveling; enjoying the journey not just the destination. Growing up my family didn’t do much traveling. Our travels consisted of short road trips, lots of laughter, fun and adventure. We weren’t a privilegedRead MoreThe Dangers Of Texting While Driving1561 Words   |  7 Pageswhich this powerful object can be dangerous. Texting while driving is one danger many do not realize until something drastic happens. Texting while driving is not only a threat to us, but as well as other drivers, passengers, and pedestrians. However, with the lack of enforcement on the laws and punishments, the use of cell phones while driving does not come as a threat to drivers, which needs to change. Using a cell phone while driving causes an overwhelming amount of accidents, injuries, and deathsRead MoreThe Concept Of Autonomous Vehicles Essay1336 Words   |  6 Pagesautonomous, or self-driving, vehicles dates back nearly a century. It was first introduced in the 1930s when it graced the pages of science fiction and has continued to be a hot topic ever since (Weber, 2014). Autonomous vehicles, or AVs, are â€Å"those in which operation of the vehicle occurs without direct driver input to control the steering, acceleration, and braking and are designed so that the driver is not expected to constantly monitor the roadway while operating in self-driving mode† (NHTSA, 2013)Read MorePersuassive Essay on Texting and Driving994 Words   |  4 Pagesblamed on distracted driving and most of the distractions are caused by cell phone usage.† Many drivers today have such busy lives and never have time to get the things they need to do complete in one day’s time. This leaves them to get things done while on the road. Checking emails is a top priority for Americans and since many have Smartphone’s, they will do it on the road as well as send text messages. 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The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde - 1285 Words

ole Shevory Dillon F block English 11/13/2015 Desire in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Robert Stevenson’s novel The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde follows the plight of Dr. Jekyll, giving insight to human desires that are typically repressed within a civilized society. People strive to fit into the society around them. In doing this they often suppress some aspects of their desires. After giving into desire once, the need for it may increase, and control may slowly decrease. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde explores the multi-faceted dimensions of the human psyche. There is a constant battle raging within every person between morality and desire. Very often the more one attempts to suppress natural urges the stronger and more profound they become. Each man has their own desires that they wish to fulfill and all men hope that they have a way to explore those desires without any repercussions. There is no better example of this than the devolution of Dr. Jekyll throughout the book. Originally before Jekyll creates the potion that separates the good and evil parts of his psyche, he is an upstanding pillar of his community. Jekyll desires to better himself and to do so he makes a potion that may separate the evil in him from the good and thus Hyde is born. Jekyll also sees Hyde as an opportunity to be able to live out all of his desires and pleasures without consequences to himself. In his letter to Utterson Jekyll explains this, â€Å"Men haveShow MoreRelatedThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1675 Words   |  7 PagesThe Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay Robert Louis Stevenson’s novella, â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,† is a type of Gothic literature. In the beginning of the story when Stevenson is describing the lawyer, one â€Å"Mr. Utterson,† the mood is a bit dull. At first glance the reader may think that this story would be a bit boring and drab. Stevenson’s story is far from being another dull piece of British English literature. The setting and mood of this novella are more complexRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1440 Words   |  6 Pagescomplexity of human nature in his books, especially in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, and Kidnapped. The former is about a lawyer named Mr. Utterson seeking out the truth of Dr. Jekyll’s very strange will. He finds out that Jekyll was transforming himself into Mr. Hyde so that he could have the freedom to do whatever he wanted no matter how evil. By the time Utterson finds all this out and findsJekyll, he is too late and Jekyll has already killed himself. The latter is about David BalfourRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1196 Words   |  5 Pageswhich do let control you? The good or evil? This was a question that Dr. Jekyll from the book, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, could not answer. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a book about a man who cannot control the two sides of himself, causing him to do terrible things and not even be aware of it. The theme of this book is good versus evil. Dr. Jekyll is fighting his evil side, known as Mr. Hyde, throughout the book. Some people believe that the book’s theme hasRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde Essay975 Words   |  4 PagesStevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a novella that follows the basic outline established by Mary Shelley in Frankenstein. However, Stevenson’s monster is not created from body parts but comes from the dark side of the human personality. In both novels, a man conducts a secret experiment that gets out of control. The result of these experiments is the release of a double, or doppelganger, which causes damage to their creator. While most people think that The Strange Case of Dr. JekyllRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde938 Words   |  4 PagesVictorian Hopes and Fears Involving Science as Found in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde During the Victorian Era there was a great race to use science to alleviate the suffering of the ill, specifically for those patients who were suffering from ailments of the mind. While some of the methods used to diagnose and treat such afflictions would be considered barbaric in nature by today’s standards, they were considered cutting edge medical science during the time of the Victorian Era. It was also consideredRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1505 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the latter portion of the nineteenth century, Robert Louis Stevenson published his novella, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. The fin de sià ¨cle saw the rise of different thoughts and ideas surrounding science and society. These concepts and interpretations sparked the discourse surrounding the theory of degeneration; which was the concern that civilization would fall to a lower state of being. This chapter will be reading multiplex personality as a manifestation of th is broader culturalRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde964 Words   |  4 PagesThe Strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, written by Robert Louis Stevenson was published in 1886. The story is published during the Victorian era, the Victorian era was an age of repression, there was no violence, no sexual appetite, and there was no great expression or emotion. In the story, Dr. Jekyll creates a potion that turns him into Mr. Hyde, Mr. Hyde is the complete opposite of what people are in the Victorian era. At first, Dr. Jekyll is in control of Mr. Hyde, but towards the end MrRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1739 Words   |  7 Pagesnovel â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde† by Robert Louis Stevenson, the novel â€Å"Frankenstein† by Mary Shelley, the short story â€Å"The Monkey’s Paw† by W.W Jacobs and the short story â€Å"Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. These four texts convey this theme through the use of gothic conventions such as death, madness and darkness. In the novels The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson and Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, Frankenstein and Dr. Jekyll are wronglyRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1290 Words   |  6 PagesThe novella The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll Mr. Hyde took place throughout the time period of prosperity, when Queen Victoria came to the throne in 1837, due to the expansion of the British Empire and the industrial revolution. Because of this, Great Britain had become primarily the world s most powerful superpower. In spite of Queen Victoria becoming a powerful leader, the social morality changed from rationalism to romanticism, which in turn transformed the society of art, literature, politicsRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1012 Words   |  5 PagesRobert Louis Stevenson’s â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† is a classic Victorian tale of good and evil. The novel tells the story of Dr. Henry Jekyll, a respected scientist who so desperately needs to separate his morality from his self-indulgence. Aware of the evil side of his own being, he seeks to be free of it through scientific experiments resulting into the â€Å"bestial† Mr. Hyde. It’s a simple tale about the good and evil that exist in all of us. Through his brilliance, Stevenson

A handbook of essential theory and research - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the A handbook of essential theory and research. Answer: The main purpose behind this task is to explain the significance of managers in the 21st century. It depicts that what types of skills and behavior are required by managers in the business to manage the organizational changes. Managers play a significant role to attain long-term goals and objectives of the firm. Along with this, it describes the behavior of the managers that should be humble and polite to maintain harmonization in the business. Organizational change is essential to improve and enhance innovation in the organization. Furthermore, attributes and characteristics of managers have been explained in the paper. The managers help to motivate and encourage employees to improve their skills and knowledge in an organization. In 21st century managers must be skilled in the art of introducing and managing change. In today's era, to achieve great heights is significant and primary factor in the organization. However, it is the biggest challenges for human resource to attain desired goals and objectives. They have to think beyond the material pursuits to fulfill existentialism. The Companies have developed a very systematic way to accomplish long term mission and vision. With the growing digital environment company is seeking the growth in business through the maximum involvement of technology (Easterby-Smith, Thorpe and Jackson, 2012). To secure the place in the market, managers must be skilled and understand technology. This will help the company in growing more effectively and efficiently. In 21st century, managers must have a wide knowledge about how technology can help the company in varied forms. The change in the company can be brought with experienced and creative minds. Matching with the minds of experience can bring the creativity of new generation to next level (Griffin and Care, 201 4). The managers must possess following skills and behavior in order to manage and introduce changes: Up to date knowledge on the topic relating to the betterment of business It is necessary for the managers to be aware about the current affairs that can help the company in its business. They must know about the already existing information and also should be aware about the new policies that take place in the market. This will help them to do business and work as per the needs and requirements of market (Jones and Sallis, 2013). It will help to open the minds of the managers and will become easy for them to bring change in a right manner. This will not only help the business to flourish and expansion but will also help to develop confidence in the managers. Hence, they will give their best efforts to gain competitive advantages and this will also help to generate more outputs and results in an organization. If the managers keep lot of important information about the business it will raise more ideas and thoughts in the minds of workers. In addition, it will also help to reduce the errors and mistakes in business. Therefore, up to date knowledge is the mo st significant skill to manage and identify organizational changes (Anderson and Anderson, 2010). Different ways and methods for using technology In todays digital world, none of the company can survive its business without innovative technology and development. In order to target more and more profitability, the companies are adopting the methods of technology in their work. It is the most time-saving process and it is the easiest way to keep the records of the business and work (Peppard and Ward, 2016). A manager must know the use of technology in many ways. He must possess the ideas and skills to use and utilize new technology in the organization. Furthermore, he should be smart enough to make optimum utilization of resources and technology. Managers must know how to be attained growth and success of the company. They must use the networking services in order to convey their message from one client to another. They must know the process of doing and developing software that can help them having a direct communication with the clients within given time period (Chen, 2015). Drawing out the work with accurate information through models The managers should be creative in terms to gain long-term advantages in the competitive market. The managers should keep necessary information to expand the business of the firm. In todays era, they can use several management models in order to convey their message. This makes it easy to understand the topic. The models must contain accurate information which can make sense to the business. It will also help to save time and efforts within the organization. Managers must know the creative areas of working which can help to maximize the profitability of the company (Van Der Aalst, 2013). Working with collaboration and cooperation Working with collaboration is a strategy of growing the business on a large scale. In 21st century, managers should be quite capable enough in order to tie up with the companies and to maintain goodwill in the global market (Galegher, Kraut and Egido, 2014). They should possess the quality of convincing others employees very well. This will allow the company to make good relationship with competitors in the world. Additionally, these relations can become helpful for the company in order to produce more resources and to fulfill the needs of business. Rising contacts will allow them to work with different business holders in the competitive market. This will increase profits of the business. Working with collaboration allows the business to run business activities and operations effectively and efficiently on a large scale. Collaboration and cooperation help to handle and resolve the issue related to business and work. In this way, cooperation and collaboration are significant aspects of the business to manage the organizational change (Colebatch, Hoppe, and Noordegraaf, 2010). Promoting the company through advertisement Advertisement is very common and most effective method of reaching more and more people in the market. Managers can provide the advertisement in order to promote and encourage the business. They should be creative enough to use attractive phrases that can attract more and more clients in the world. They should know the smart way of advertisement and promotion that help to increase sale of the firm. They must be aware about the changes brought in the areas of advertising and publishing. They should know the rates of printing and publishing in order to avoid any inconsistency. In order to bring the change in the society, a company can reach to more and more people through the advertisements. This is a most effective way of promoting the business and to make a good position in the eyes of each and every individual. For this purpose, managers promote and encourage advertisement and promotional activities within the organization (Li and Lam, 2013). Using different methods of explaining ideas The managers should know the ways of explaining their thoughts and ideas in a more expressive and attractive way. They can make presentation in such a manner that it will become easy to understand and explain the several workers. In addition, managers and supervisors should use attractive technologies and resources to assist the employees in many ways. In order to bring change in an effective way in the company they should be capable enough to conduct seminars and hold conferences on a large scale. Brochures must be provided in order to make the members of organization aware about the new policies and strategies. This will develop a healthy and favorable working environment in the business. To make a good financial position in the market, it is necessary for the workers to understand about the work in an effective manner. Hence, the manager should use the interesting ways to grow and explore the trading activities and operations worldwide (Hatch and Cunliffe, 2013). Motivating employees to work Managers must bring out the capability of motivating the employees to do work effectively and efficiently. Motivation develops and builds confidence in the employees which help them to do tasks and duties in an appropriate manner. Managers should know different methods of motivating the employees. It helps to bring desired outputs and results in an effective and accurate manner (Bakker and Leiter, 2010). The managers must provide complete information related to business in order to continue their confidence towards work. Also they must check and analyze actions and activities of the employees. In this way, motivation provides several benefits to the workers. It will help to maintain sustainability in the organization. This will keep the business environment more intact with its employees. It will also help to make good working environment in the organization and will help to conduct business activities smoothly. It will also help to reduce absenteeism of the employees in the organiza tion (Mowday, Porter and Steers, 2013). Proper communication skills A manager must know how to present himself in front of authorities and other companies. In todays era, every company requires a qualified and professional employee in terms of communication, culture and language. Proper communication skills should be maintained by the managers in order to stand out against the competitors. Having good communication skills will help to attract more and more clients and will increase the chances of promotion within the organization. It is one of the most important aspects that a manager should maintain and use. The managers can easily overcome on resistance to change by maintaining proper communication with workers in the workplace (Dozier, Grunig and Grunig, 2013). Behavior towards the organization It is necessary for a manager to be polite in behavior with the employees in the workplace. Working with harmony, will lead to better functioning of business. The behavior of the manager has direct impact on the employee. If the manager listens and understands the problem and resolves the issues of the company effectively, it becomes easy for them to bring change in the system of management. It will also help to increase the chances of promotion and transfer in an organization. In order to give greater inputs in the business, it is recommended to possess a positive behavior by the manager in the business. The positive behavior helps to improve and enhance productivity and efficiency of the employees. It will also help to increase revenue and returns of the firm. Furthermore, employees show their interest towards work and organizational goals (Wagner III and Hollenbeck, 2014). Accountability and transparency The company is aware about the needs and requirements of its employees. This makes easy for the managers to be accountable and responsible towards the issues of employees. The manager should be easily answerable to the company. This helps them to satisfy the demands of the firm. Hence it makes the organization easily answerable to its employees. They can meet the requirements of its clients easily which helps in developing and maintaining good relationship with its customers. It is the duty of the manager not to hide any information from the employers and the customers. The corporation must not try to fool them. They must know about the strategies to develop in the market in order to carry out the organizational change. The method of accountability and transparency is another skill that a manager must possess in him in order to carry out the change (Christensen and Cheney, 2014). Conclusion On the above-mentioned limelight event, it is necessary for the manager to be accountable to its clients and employees. All effective skills and behavior should be present in the managers in order to bring the organizational changes. A good and effective manager thinks about the growth and success of the firm. Furthermore, the paper shows that how a manager can bring revolution in the business through their skills and talents. In todays era, the use of technology has become a very common aspect of business. Hence the managers must be very well aware about the way of doing work. The paper gives a brief knowledge about the behavioral attitude of managers towards its employees which helps in resolving and handling the issues and problem in a hassle-free manner. All these factors help to fulfill the needs, and requirements of the business. It also helps to stay in the competitive market in the global world. References Anderson, D. and Anderson, L.A., 2010.Beyond change management: How to achieve breakthrough results through conscious change leadership. John Wiley Sons. Bakker, A.B. and Leiter, M.P. eds., 2010.Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research. Psychology press. Chen, C.H. ed., 2015.Handbook of pattern recognition and computer vision. World Scientific. Christensen, L.T. and Cheney, G., 2014. Peering into transparency: Challenging ideals, proxies, and organizational practices.Communication Theory,25(1), pp.70-90. Colebatch, H.K., Hoppe, R. and Noordegraaf, M. eds., 2010.Working for policy. Amsterdam University Press. Dozier, D.M., Grunig, L.A. and Grunig, J.E., 2013.Manager's guide to excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Easterby-Smith, M., Thorpe, R. and Jackson, P.R., 2012.Management research. Sage. Galegher, J., Kraut, R.E. and Egido, C., 2014.Intellectual teamwork: Social and technological foundations of cooperative work. Psychology Press. Griffin, P. and Care, E. eds., 2014.Assessment and teaching of 21st century skills: Methods and approach. Springer. Hatch, M.J. and Cunliffe, A.L., 2013.Organization theory: modern, symbolic and postmodern perspectives. Oxford university press. Jones, G. and Sallis, E., 2013.Knowledge management in education: Enhancing learning education. Routledge. Li, M.P. and Lam, B.H., 2013. Cooperative learning.The Active Classroom, The Hong Kong Institude of Education. Mowday, R.T., Porter, L.W. and Steers, R.M., 2013.Employeeorganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic press. Peppard, J. and Ward, J., 2016.The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Van Der Aalst, W.M., 2013. Business process management: a comprehensive survey.ISRN Software Engineering,2013. Wagner III, J.A. and Hollenbeck, J.R., 2014.Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. Routledge.

Peloponnesian War - A Strategy Comparison Essays - Peloponnesian War

Peloponnesian War - A Strategy Comparison Peloponnesian War - A Strategy Comparison "Just before the Peloponnesian War began, Pericles of Athens and King Archidamus of Sparta provided net assessments of the comparative strengths and weaknesses of the two sides. Evaluate their projections." A study of the strategies and projections of King Archidamus of Sparta as compared to those of Pericles of Athens reveal Archidamus' understanding of the "superiority of land power as a basis for success at sea" in the ancient Mediterranean - as well as Pericles' naivet as to this tenet. Background The Peloponnesian War between the city-states of Athens and Sparta (and their respective allies) lasted from 431-404 BC. Conflicts between the two cites dated back further, however, with skirmishes from 460-445 effectively ending in a draw. Major fighting in the Peloponnesian War occurred from 431-421 and ended in Athenian victory. Renewed conflict raged from 413-404, ultimately concluding in Spartan victory. An understanding of these very different cultures is illustrative of their leaders' ultimate strategies and projections before the conflict. At the time of the war, Greece was divided into two great alliances. Sparta dominated the Peloponnesian League, an alliance in the Peloponnese region. These "allies" included small states close enough to the militant Sparta to be easily controlled; stronger (and more remote) states over which Sparta still had considerable influence; and the truly strong, independent cities of Thebes and Corinth. Spartan dominance rose from its unquestionable position as the preeminent continental army of the region. The farming and manual labor of the city was provided by slaves, which freed the male citizens to serve in the army. Spartan boys were all trained to serve in the military as professional soldiers, with individual and family needs subordinated to the needs of the state. The Athenian Empire was a more voluntary alliance of city-states that were impressed by the Athenian Navy's prowess in the Persian War and were willing to pay for its protection. Athens used this revenue to further improve its navy, as well as improve its own infrastructure and defenses. Included in these improvements was the construction of large walls around the city and down to the port at Piraeus, home of the Athenian Navy. The open Athenian democracy stood in stark contrast to the strict oligarchy of Sparta. A political, philosophical and cultural center, Athens' power and prosperity depended on its command of its great maritime empire, which was centered on the Aegean Sea. Its navy grew along with the alliance. There was an increasing concern in the Peloponnesian League that Athens' rapid growth was an opportunistic exploitation of Athenian allies and a direct threat to the League. Well-founded or not, these fears came to a head in 432, when Spartan allies lobbied hard for the League to check Athenian growth by declaring war. At these debates, a Spartan ally from Corinth chastised the perceived aggressive expansion of Athens, stating "(Athenians) are by nature incapable of either living a quiet life themselves or of allowing anyone else to do so." Spartan Strategy It was at this point in the debates that Sparta's King Archidamus revealed his wisdom in both politics and war fighting. Noting Athens' naval superiority and expansive financial resources, he was fully aware that a conflict could not end quickly. "I fear," he explained, "that it is more likely that we shall be leaving (this war) to our children after us." Archidamus knew well the tenet proffered by the great Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu centuries before, who stated, "Victory is the main object in war. If this is long delayed, weapons are blunted and morale depressed. When troops attack cities, their strength will be exhausted." A protracted campaign would not be good for Sparta. A delay in actually beginning warfare, however, would aid the Spartan cause. Archidamus proposed drawing out diplomatic efforts at reconciliation in order to buy time for preparations. He then proposed courting new allies with the specific goal of increasing naval and financial resources. He was keenly aware that the mightiest army in the world could not win without naval support. Archidamus did not suppose that he could match the Athenian Navy, however, no matter how many new allies Sparta courted. His strategy instead was to use his army to dominate Athenian allied cities and take all Athenian land outside the walled city of Athens - in effect, hold it hostage. He would then use his navy to block Athens' main external source of grain supplies from Crimea. Corinthian allies proposed additional tactics, including the establishment of fortified camps on seized Athenian lands and fostering revolts among Athenian ally cities, which would choke off revenue to the war chest. War was still