Biology really matters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biology really matters - Essay Example For example, young adults, who have low normal levels of human sex hormone, Testosterone tends to perform quite successfully on spatial tests, when compared to the ones with high normal levels. (Kimura, 2001). These fluctuations in the hormone levels could occur throughout the year, with higher levels happening in the autumn and lower levels in the spring, thus improving the subjects’ performance on spatial tests in the spring. On the other hand, women’s estrogen hormonal levels tends make quite effective in person-oriented occupations and functions. Unlike, the impact of seasons on the hormonal changes in men, women’s hormonal levels fluctuate around across the menstrual cycle, thus impacting their performance during those periods. (Kimura, 2001). Because of these biological differences in the hormonal levels, it is clear that women tend to gravitate towards fields like education, nursing and social work more often than men. (Kimura, 2001). On the other hand, al though, men and women are equally represented in the other health-related professions, in most cases men tend to perform better in the science fields. These differences in the hormonal levels also impacts men and women’s susceptibility to certain diseases, and which indirectly impacts their behavioral patterns. That is, according to United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, estrogens offer women of reproductive age some protection against cardiovascular diseases. That is, before the age of 65, heart disease is one of the leading causes of mortality among the men, but on the other hand, cancer causes death mainly in women. After menopause and due to the hormonal changes in the women’s physical body, a kind of reversal takes place, with women facing a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases than men and in turn, men face higher risk of cancer than women. (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe). With the most important risk factors for cancers being tobacco sm oking and diet,

Essay on a case relating to complex pregnancy Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

On a case relating to complex pregnancy - Essay Example Perceived psychosocial stress as well as the overall psychological wellbeing of a woman during pregnancy has been attributed to preterm delivery and intrauterine growth retardation (Dolatian, Mirabzadeh, Forouzan, Sajjadi, Majd et al, 2013). Empirical evidence supports the conclusion that preterm delivery is predicated by lack of social support, which increases the risk for psychosocial stress (Ghosh, Wilhelm, Dunkel-schetter, Lombardi, & Ritz, 2010); from the case study, Kylie is described as a 40 year old G6PO with her 6th IVF pregnancy who presents alone to the birth unit of the local tertiary hospital. The fact that Kylie has had 6 IVF pregnancies and presents alone to the local tertiary hospital suggests that she could be living alone, unmarried or unsupported, and without adequate social support from family or friends. Upon further enquiry, Kylie discloses experiencing anxiety and depression related to her recent separation from her husband of ten years; Kylie is referred to th e Obstetric social worker and psychologist for support since it was evident that her depression and anxiety was related to her lack of social support. Research indicates that preterm delivery is common in women of lower social class, unmarried, or unsupported mothers (Mannem, & Chava, 2011); lack of social support greatly predisposes such women to psychosocial stress. The presence of a spouse and social cycles greatly reduce the risk for psychosocial stress for pregnant women because they are able to share their fears and frustrations thereby alleviating the risk of worry and anxiety that may trigger preterm labor and delivery (Mirabzadeh, Dolatian, Forouzan, Sajjadi, Majd et al, 2013). In that respect, the lack of social support that greatly predisposes Kylie to psychosocial stress is highly predictive of preterm labor and delivery that she

Marketing Of German Brand Bionade

Marketing Of German Brand Bionade The German brand BIONADE which produces and distributes organically lemonade brewed like beer but without alcohol {BIONADE #1}, tries to enter markets all over the world. {Dagmar Mussey 08/10/2007 #2}. With the threat of going bankrupt with its beer brewery {Dagmar Mussey 08/10/2007 #2}, the head of the company Leipold, tried to spread its product range and invented a brewed soft drink for children. With its superficial marketing strategy with just few money BIONADE managed to get known all over Germany in shortest time by sponsoring events and viral marketing. {Ralph Atkins #3} In 2009 the large German group Dr. Oetker bought with 70% the majority of BIONADE. {Weiguny 2009 #18} After distributing in most European countries since 2008 the companys aim is now, that their organic drink will become a Weltdrink.{Ralph Atkins 12.12.2007 #3} How BIONADE can reach the target and what they should considered, it is indicated in this paper on the example entering the US beverage market. Environmental Analysis BIONADE needs to analyse the market of US. The retailing market in the United States is very competitive and dynamic. Consumers can choose out of a large number of retailers. With the information of the internet consumers can easily compare all products and retailers. So retailing has been led to a hard job and you have to observe the consumers needs, because consumers have the power. {Weitz 2010 #4} Market trends BIONADE aims to go on the American beverage market. The carbonated drink sector is the most established in the soft drink industry with about 40% of the volume. {Jonathan Thomas 2010 #6} But the growth almost stagnates with just 1.2% growth rate and the share will fall more, because more consumer prefer healthier beverages like fruit juices, fruit based drinks or bottled water. In this case, there is a chance for BIONADE to put its organically healthy and nearly sugarless beverage on the US market. In addition it should be mentioned, that the market shares for sport and energy drinks within the carbonated soft drink segment has raised about 7% last year, and it is assumed that this trend will last. {Jonathan Thomas 2010 #6} The study, which was ordered by just-drinks, says that the fruit-based drinks are expected to remain strong. Customers BIONADEs target group are healthy, young consumers and aware of the health. Examining the consumers in US nowadays it can be noticed, that there is a change in lifestyle. For decreasing the problems of fat children, which has become a major issue in the US, the government planned to ban sugared drinks like Coca Cola from school. {Atkins 12.12.2007 #3} Consumers strive away from convenience and fast food to fresh cooked meals and healthy, organic products, which are traded fair. {Lifestyle Food and Drinks Future 2008 #10}Business Insides report Lifestyle Food and Drinks (2008) says in addition, that many habitants of the US do have work-related stress, which they try to compensate with healthy drinks and food to get more energy and fun. Additionally America has an ageing generation. These people do all their best to stay young and healthy. Therefore they consume e.g. many anti-ageing products, which aim this target group. Altogether there is a broad diversity of different reasons, why people want to live healthier, which is shown in the illustration 1. Figure : The complexity and diversity of modern lifestyles {Lifestyle Food and Drinks Future 2008 #10} Competitiors The beverage market is a strong market in the United States. Global players like Pepsi and Coca Cola are settled in America as well as the US brand Dr. Pepper. These three brands are in 2010 the best-selling companies, and most customers bought drinks of these companies. {Sector Soft Drinks Non-Alcoholic 2010 #11} They also try to establish healthier drinks, to follow the trend. Coca Cola put The Spirit of Georiga on the market, which is competitive lemonade to BIONADE. They also try to do a partnership with Honest Teas, which also is settled in the health and wellness segment.{Beverage World 2011 #13} Nestlà ©, who is also a big player one the beverage market, also put some health drinks, like ready-to-drink teas on the market. Viewing the global health drink and food segment it can there were more than 4000 new products came on the market in 2009, which are more than double as much as in five years ago.{Heather Landi #12} There is a keen competition in this field. Analysis and Theories With entering a new market there are many topics which should be considered. The SWOT analysis is a management tool which shows clearly arranged which strength and weaknesses a company has, and which opportunities and threats are given from the environment of a company. The points are aimed on the target, a company has. In this case it targets the entry of BIONADE on the American market. {Simon 2002 #9} Strengths Weaknesses Large Network Only breed lemonade Experience on other markets Large target group Good references in Europe Plans for adopting the product for the US market (new flavours) Unique product (the only brewed lemonade) Just one product site Workers with no knowledge Large Supply-Chain High costs New unknown market Opportunities Threats Changing Consumer Behaviour Growing sustainable and health market Growing Beverage Market Banning sugared drinks in schools Market niche Large Beverage Market Many Competitors like Coca Cola (Georgia) Other organic certificates in the US than in Europe Many other healthy drinks Figure : SWOT-analysis for BIONADE on the US-market {Simon 2002 #9} To get an overview of the market, Porter invented the tool Porters 5 Forces. {Porter 1998 #14} Porter has identified five competitive forces at work in every industry and every market. The expression of these forces determines the intensity of competition in an industry and thus its profitability and attractiveness. The objective of corporate strategy should therefore in looking for ways to weaken competitive forces in relation to the company itself. {Porter 1998 #14} Figure : Porters five forces {Porter 1998 #14} Analysing the American health beverage market, which BIONADE wants to enter, there is a variety of forces, which should be considered. Buyers: It can be a threat, because buyers have the force to choose other drinks. Substitutes: There are some substitutes. They are and mainly they will become a threat. There are not only other healthy lemonades but also bottled waters, ready-to-drink teas and fruit juices. Suppliers: Meanwhile there is no big threat by suppliers, because BIONADE exports its own bottles form Germany and uses the concentrate which is produced in its producing site in Germany. Potential Entrants: This would be the biggest threat. Because of the large market and the huge chance because of the trend of changing lifestyle, many competitors will get on the market. There will be keen competition which should be considered by entering the market and solutions must be found for each problem. Some solutions can be in the marketing mix, like pricing politic or with clever product placement. Strategies With its aim generating a larger turn-over, BIONADE entered the US market because there is a niche market. There is no other brewed lemonade in America, but there are customers who would buy healthy drinks. With this unique position, they have a chance to challenge other companies and take market share. {Doole 2004 #20} Because of the large competitors like Coca Cola and Pepsi, BIONADE should distinguish in marketing, product, product placement and aim with a unique marketing-mix at the target group to prevent other companies taking their business idea.{Kotabe 2008 #21} The best strategy for BIONADE was Differentiation. {Doole 2004 #20} Because of the flexibility of a SME, the company can meet customer needs very fast and can distinguish from other beverages. To have not a high level of risk BIONADE made a joint venture with a German noodle company, which piggybacks the product. This indirect exporting method can work, because both products are organic, but they are no competitive products. BIONADE can profit of the reputation of the noodles. As the noodle company does not have the knowledge in the beverage segment it would be a better strategy to get help of an agent, who knows the market. With direct export the companies risk shrinks but the cost raise. {Kotabe 2008 #21} BIONADE established a production site in the US. With this strategy they can save costs for transport, which are mainly the highest costs of the supply chain. {Kotabe 2008 #21} But with this strategy the quality of the beverage can decrease. The employees dont have the knowledge like the staff in Germany. In addition there is also the risk, that BIONADE does not sell as much as calculated and the assembly lines are not working to their full capacity. Recommendation To keep successful BIONADE can go different ways. There is the possibility of entering more markets, or to penetrate new markets or put new BIONADE products on the market. In this chapter is shown, how BIONADE can manage these two different paths of expanding the brands value. Staying competitive with entering new markets or products New Products ExistingAnsoff(1957) invented a method, which makes it for companies possible to generate more profit and growth. His theory is divided in four ways, which are entering new markets or inventing new products. This method can help BIONADE to succeed on the market during the next years. Existing Markets or segments New Figure : Ansoff matrix {H. Ansoff #15} Potential strategies are: Market development: BIONADE can generate growth with entering new markets with existing products, like BIONADE already has done in countries around the domestic market. There are the possibilities which are shown in chapter 4.1. It is recommended that BIONADE searches for a partner in US who supports the company by selling the beverage. A good partner could be McDonalds, because it changed the strategy to healthier food. There already exists a partnership between both in Germany, which can be expanded to North America. {Weiguny 2009 #18} Market penetration: In this field, Ansoff describes in his theory, there are is not much growth expected. {H. Ansoff #15} But BIONADE can use its experience to gain new customers on the existing market or sells more to regular customer. It can be aimed with setting up a marketing campaign like making cocktails with BIONADE. New product development: This strategy has more risks than just market penetration. {Thommen 2009 #16} It is useful to stay successful. BIONADE can remain successful on the existing market with introducing new flavours like Cranberry for the US market, new design of bottles or maybe thermo jugs of BIONADE to keep the beverage cool in summer. Diversification: The strategy of entering new markets with new products has the highest risk rate. {Thommen 2009 #16} BIONADES has a variety of possibilities from putting a sports drink on the US market or inventing sweets or ice cream for kids. But another strategy to stay competitive is to keep an eye on the global market trends and spread the beverage in more foreign markets. Entering new markets BIONADE is on shelves in almost in the whole northern part of the hemisphere, like in almost whole Western Europe, North America, and Russia, as it is shown on the map below. Figure : BIONADES current and potential market entries {Daniel Dalert #17} As the SWOT analysis shows in chapter 2.1 BIONADE has many opportunities and chances, not only in the US market. The trend to a healthier life exists in almost all Western countries. To expand the market, it is recommended to enter step-by-step all Western European countries, like the missing countries Portugal and the East European countries, with new special flavours adopted for the countries. Because of the short trade routes it could be made by exporting the bottles. If North America runs well, there is the opportunity to go to Australia, which is also a Western country with loads of sportive, healthy living people on the beaches. It could be the strategy to sell the beverage first on the coast in cafes and bars. With the same strategy like in Germany and with just low marketing campaign they could sponsor surfing contests. Also Brasilia is a good target market with healthy living, open-minded people. With their favourite trend fruit Acai berry there is even a flavour for this ma rket. Because of its hot climate there is the possibility to sell it as a healthy refreshing drink for day and night, even for cocktails. It is recommended not to concentrate to just a view countries, because the beverage market has keen competition. Entering more markets and to have in all countries a little market share is the key to BIONADEs success. Conclusion For BIONADE, there is still high potential to raise the growth like in the last few years, especially with entering new markets. {Weiguny 2009 #18} But BIONADE gets harsh critics, especially in Germany, because they had a change of their strategy. {Matthias Benirschke 05.02.2011 #19} It is said BIONADE is not that bio like they say and it is not any more a drink for a better world, and they stopped sponsoring some events. In Germany there is at the moment the threat of losing regular customers because of just trying to gain the highest profit. The target group is very sensible and should be taken very into account. {Matthias Benirschke 05.02.2011 #19} Appendices

Escher :: essays research papers

Escher   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For my art piece I chose M.C. Escher’s â€Å"Eight Heads† from 1922. It depicts eight different heads that all form from each other. One of Escher’s many styles was to make images that form other images inside themselves. â€Å"Eight Heads† show 2 faces that could be considered evil or the devil. It has four different women in the piece and the pattern of position of the heads is more prevalent here than with any other head. The last two figures are the heads of two men wearing hats of the style worn at the time. These two heads and two of the four female heads and staring right at you. The other four heads are flipped, so that they are upside when you see it in a book. Escher always had a way of incorporating many images into a small area by flipping certain images and making every two or four images form another single or two images. Most of Escher’s works are black and white; some are in beautiful real color though. I guess yo u could call him a surrealist, but all of his work is different. Some are scenic landscapes, others are odd images of himself or another person and some are geometric shapes. Through every piece there is a hint, or a statement in some cases, of symmetry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   My personal opinion of the piece is that it’s appealing to the eye first off, with its black and white and flipped images. A second look gives you and idea about the period of the painting. I liked it first for its sweeping lines that connect the faces. I also like the way he appeals to all angles. He’s got the image of devils bleeding into sophisticated women. I like the way that his paintings can be taken and translated into so many different meanings. I interpret the faces as representing hell and how close sin is to life. There are two devil men and two straight men. So might there be two devil women and also two straight women? My answer is yes, two of the women are evil. This is what I like about the piece, it’s shows secrets to those who can think or dream of them. The devil is easier to see in the men than it is in the women. Maybe this is what Escher is trying to say through this piece.

The Happy Prince

In the beautifully written tale The Happy Prince, it tells a story of love and generosity. The book delves into a fairy tale of a swallow and a prince, it poetically talks of the time when the prince was alive and how he was such a joyful person. The people of the kingdom bestowed upon the prince the nickname ‘The Happy Prince. ‘ When the prince died the town councillors chose to create a statue honouring him, setting the statue high above the town so the happy prince could watch over everyone. The Prince was coated in gold and rubies, this made him look magnificent and the whole town admired him. The prince became friends with a swallow and together they help the poor by giving them the gold and rubies off the statue. The book enters into a world of perplexity and reliance. The construction of the tale is written in an humorous way, but in doing that it also explores some serious issues involving poverty and loneliness. Playwright and poet Oscar Wilde started writing the children's book ‘The Happy Prince' in 1988, the remarkably written book is wildly popular even still 23 years later. Wilde’s collection of children's story books consists of The Happy Prince, The Nightingale and the Rose, The Selfish Giant, The Devoted Friend and The Remarkable Rocket, all with different meanings, all just as funny and all just as heart wrenching. I think Wilde not only wrote these books for children but he made sure they are comedic and entertaining for adults too. The stories all have deeper meanings and talk about essential issues, this I think is makes the books even better. I remember my dad reading ‘The Happy Prince' to me as a child, the story back then was completely different to what I remember now. The humorous way Wilde goes into relationship between the two main characters in the story really made me laugh, I liked the way he talked of how to swallow fell in love with the reed and how the other swallows thought it was ridiculous because â€Å"she has no money, and far to many relations. Eventually the swallow tired of the reed as she â€Å"had no conversation. † Wilde uses humorous writing conventions such as metaphorical description of the relationships in the story between the wind and the reed â€Å"she was always flirting with the wind. † I love the style of writing and how witty and crazy Wilde’s ideas are. I think Wilde’s children’s book will always be loved, the bizarre stories will co ntinue to make people laugh and proceed to be fantastic bedtime stories.

Reinventing management practices in long-term care: how cultural evolution can affect workforce recruitment and retention Essay

Management Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Quality management is very vital to every society, state, community or company because it indicates the level of performance in terms of production and its success. To outline the main points to this discussions about management, definitions is very important. Management basically is the way different resources are controlled and allocated to produce the quality product that is desired in an organization(Peterson, Smith, Martorana, & Owens, 2003, p.795). It can also be defined in terms of maintenance of the organizations success and performances. The managers are involved in managing the organizations and apply different strategies of management in accordance with the needs of the organization and the workforce involved(Sarlak, 2010, p. 92-93). In order to discuss the topic management in the 21st century needs to be more of human activity, it is important to note that for the last centuries organizations applied the written strategies by d ifferent scholars to run their organizations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The aim of this essay is to show how important it is to know the meaning of management. In earlier century management is associated with managers who are involved in controlling, motivating, planning and also allocating resources to their employees. To achieve this, the managers had to follow management strategies to enable them to run the organization and to classify their employees into different categories. For instance, the management theory X and Y classifies employees into two categories (Sarlak, 2010, P. 90-93). First category theory Y is those that need not to be forced to work and need to be motivated and second category theory X these are employees that need to be forced to work and force was applied so as to make them work. In addition, leadership styles were also used to enable the managers run the organization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For example, the management theory X and Y this theory states how different types of workforce behave in the field. It also address how employees should be motivated so as to work well(Brannon, Kemper, Heier-Leitzell, & Stott, 2010, 68-74). The motivation of workforce is believed to be the key role to make them work well and more effective. For instance, managers follow the management approaches to control the employees and not what they know. This distinguishes them from employees who can manage without being controlled and have more knowledge of the task at hand. Benefits of Management   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In theory management are procedures and policies which are formulated to enable the managers enhance the running of the organization but in reality management is more of human activity since the human beings are involved in seen that this procedure are applied and that the organization gets the best returns(Brannon, Kemper, Heier-Leitzell, & Stott, 2010, 68-74). Moreover, the management functions such as organizing, planning, and motivating deal with people in often cases. Therefore in this 21st century management is more of human activities since organizations are aimed at improving their workforce and employing the best people to run the organization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Management is very important since it is through managing once resources that they can achieve their goal and targets. Therefore today, management is more of personal decision than that of a manager controlling people to work (Peterson, Smith, Martorana, & Owens, 2003, p.795). Most employees can work without supervision of the manger since they can manage themselves. This is possible because today people are taught in learning institute of how to manage their time, resources and also to plan. In addition, most of the employees have more knowledge and experience on how to achieve the quality end product without being controlled by managers. It is important to have some looking at the progress of the work but when their presence hinder innovation it becomes a concern to be taken care of.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Employees need to be facilitated and not controlled by managers thus the output will increase drastically. Leadership style can also interfere greatly with the freedom of employees hence innovation will be hindered(Brannon, Kemper, Heier-Leitzell, & Stott, 2010, p. 68-74). At a glance, leadership style that was used in earlier century instilled fear in employees which made them just do the work in accordance to the rules. In 21st century employees are free and they know their importance in an organizations and this has led to formation of organizations that represent employees’ rights. This is to educate employees and also make the working place conducive for the employees and employers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Management is wide area, it involves also maintenance of other resources and how it is allocated. For example capital therefore, employees should be aware of the capital of the organization so as to learn how to maximize profit and increase the output of the company(Brannon, Kemper, Heier-Leitzell, & Stott, 2010, p. 68-74). In earlier century, status quo was very important and most manager did not want to interact with employees so as to protect their status. It is the dream of every one to be a manager but if being a manager it hinders innovation then it is good to be in the same level with employees. In today’s world, innovation has be embraced and people are moving with very high speed to innovate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, more organizations are coming up and competition is high therefore management should be more of human activity allowing employees to be part of it and making decision that are effective. Brainstorming is good example of involving employees in decision making and problem solving (Brannon, Kemper, Heier-Leitzell, & Stott, 2010, p. 68-74). It allow the employees to give ideas on a certain question and how to solve the problem. Managers should embrace different modes of involving employees directly or indirectly in running the organization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Management is more of human activity even if the organization uses machine to get the end product since human beings control or operate the machine. Some machine are not operated without experience and skills to use it, not all managers have skills and knowledge of how to operate the machines. This is because the role is based on managerial approaches and they strictly follow the procedures that are stipulated in the organization(Peterson, Smith, Martorana, & Owens, 2003, p.795). In this century, managers are more active and are the ones helping in motivating the employees. The organizations are now more concerned with increasing profit and being effective by training and encouraging their employees to be innovative. In this century, for an organization to acquire new machinery, also need to train its employees on how to use it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Therefore the employees feel motivated and important since their skills are improved (Peterson, Smith, Martorana, & Owens, 2003, p.795). Unlike the earlier industries where if a machine was acquired then the employee who knew how to operate was given a chance to work and the rest were dispensed off. 21st century employees are more important to management team and are involved in major decision of the organizations. It is important to work in a conducive environment so as to nurture creativity in the organization. The scholars wrote what an ideal organization structure should look like and it is the duty of the leaders and manager to improve this ideas and come out with the best part of it. Factors Influencing Management   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Innovation is very important and every organization ought to encourage an environment that can enhance it. In today’s world, the employees are given opportunity to view their ideas and also to innovate. Unlike the past years where employees could not speak nor give views of how a product can be improved (Nolan, 2008, p. 54). The manager had a role to decide on what to be done even if it means forcing people to work. When management become more of human activity than procedures to control, then the business will grow drastically. The products of an organization highly depend on the human resource to implement the other resources to achieve the end product(Peterson, Smith, Martorana, & Owens, 2003, p.795). In addition, when employees are more involved in management they have a sense of belonging and their goals is to see that organization is growing. Furthermore where employees are involved in giving suggestion on the products improve ment, they give their best ideas thus managers can pick the best ideas and implement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, it is not easy to make the employees be innovative in a harsh environment; therefore the mangers should be willing to balance power (Nolan, 2008 p. 44). Today every organization aim to be the best competitor in the industry thus hiring the best employees and those that can manage their time and resources effectively which is only possible if employees are allowed to innovate and be creative.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is important to note that managers today must interact with their employees rather than commanding and directing on how the work should be done. It is clear that most employees have more ideas about the work than the managers since the deal with the resources in day to day life. The type of leadership style that is used in the organization should be more of encouraging the employees to be more creative and innovative. Generally, in 21st century management is more of human activity in contrast with the earlier century where people had no opportunity to be involved in decision making (Sarlak, 2010, p. 91-93). Everyone would like to be part of a successful innovation and also success. Achieving this is only through allowing the employees to be part of management and not the other way round. It is clear that today there more innovation coming up than the earlier years since people are allowed to come up with more ways to improve their organ ization. Employees are not servants of a manger but an asset that need to well utilized to yield more profit and also to be motivated to aim for high goals of the organization(Peterson, Smith, Martorana, & Owens, 2003, p.795). In conclusion, it is possible to achieve this if employees will be involved in management and also have a say into the leadership style of the organization. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Management should not be for the managers and leaders only but also the employees of the company have an important role to play. A manager should motivate the employees and help them to achieve their goals. Therefore, management in 21st century is more of human activity unlike the earlier century where it was more of managerial post. It is said that â€Å"practice makes it perfect† therefore managers should interact with employees to make the work perfectly and also share their knowledge and experience. References Brannon, S. D., Kemper, P., Heier-Leitzell, B., & Stott, A. (2010). Reinventing management practices in long-term care: how cultural evolution can affect workforce recruitment and retention. Generations, 34(4), 68-74. Nolan, W. T. (2008). Wealth of enterprises: a new foundation for economics and management. [S.l.], Author house.Pg. 44-59 Peterson, R. S., Smith, D. B., Martorana, P. V., & Owens, P. D. (2003). The impact of chief executive officer personality on top management team dynamics: one mechanism by which leadership affects organizational performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 795.Sarlak, M. A. (2010). The new faces of organizations in the 21st century: management and business reference book. Toronto, Naisit Publishers. Pg. 90-93 Source document

A White Heron essays

A White Heron essays After the Civil War, Americans no longer depended solely on agriculture as a way of life. Because of the technological and economic advances in America, the picturesque and peaceful New England countryside was slowly being transformed into a modern, industrialist society. As a witness to these economic developments, Sarah Jewett writes A White Heron, a fictional, coming of age story that tells the story of a young girl living with her grandmother in the wilderness as technology slowly tries to transform the area around her. A White Heron demonstrates the importance of being loyal in preserving ones region over the desire for personal and materialistic gain. As the story opens, the author uses imagery to give the reader a sense that the area is very simple, safe, and secure. She establishes that Sylvia feels comfortable and enjoys living on the farm with her grandmother. Even though she grew up in the city, she finds her home in the country with her grandmother. She befriends and develops close bonds with the animals. The tone of the story changes after the antagonist, an ornithologist from the city, confronts Sylvia. He picks up on Sylvias bond with the animals and begins to inquire about a white heron that he has been following. He intends to kill the bird, stuff it, and add it to his collection. The hunter represents the advancement of science and technology and the destruction of nature. He is trying to take a part of nature with him to the city for observation and study. After Sylvia realizes that she has seen the white heron before, she embarks on a journey to find the birds nest by climbing a tree in the woods. This adventure is discussed in great detail because it shows the main characters struggle and the obstacles that she went through to find the birds nest. Climbing the large pine tree gives Sylvia peace, understanding, and perspective of the natural world around her. She begins to better ...

The eNotes Blog Welcome to Gilead Casting and Character Analysis for Hulus The Handmaids Tale

Welcome to Gilead Casting and Character Analysis for Hulus The Handmaids Tale Offred Enter to Win The Handmaids Tale and  an Subscription As you may have heard, Hulu will soon be premiering its new series The Handmaid’s Tale, based on Margaret Atwood’s famous novel of the same name, on April 28. The Handmaid’s Tale depicts a dystopian future in which the United States (now called the Republic of Gilead) has been taken over by a conservative theocracy. Women have virtually no rights in this new society, and reproductively viable young women called â€Å"Handmaids† are forced to serve as surrogate wombs for the government elite, most of whom have been left sterile by disease and environmental pollution. In eager anticipation of the show’s premiere, we thought we’d take a closer look at several major characters from the novel to see who is playing them and what we might expect to see from them over the course of the show. Also, enter our raffle* to win a copy of  The Handmaids Tale  and a 1-year subscription to !  Ã¢â€ â€™ *Entries accepted until Monday, April 24, 2017 at 9:00 a.m. PST. Offred Played by: Elizabeth Moss via Hulu Though she is the narrator of The Handmaid’s Tale, we are ultimately told very little about Offred- even her real name remains a mystery. In the Republic of Gilead, Handmaids are only named in relation to their current master, so Offred’s name literally means that she is â€Å"of-Fred.† Offred’s life as a Handmaid is isolating and limited; she is not allowed to read, leave the house alone, or speak freely with others. Offred occasionally describes her life before the revolution when she had a job, a husband, and a young daughter, but she now finds these memories of freedom painful to dwell on. The daughter of a feminist activist, Offred bristles at the repression and exploitation she experiences under the new theocratic government; however, unlike Moira, Offred makes her main goal survival rather than resistance. In the show, Offred will be played by Elizabeth Moss, who you may recognize as Peggy Olsen from Mad Men. Moira Played by: Samira Wiley via jetmag.com Moira is Offred’s best friend from college. Brazen, outspoken, and unapologetically feminist, Moira- unlike Offred- is not surprised by the drastic curtailing of women’s rights under the new regime. While she and Offred are going through Handmaid training at the same center, Moira makes a daring escape and does not return. Offred likes to think that Moira was able to escape Gilead and flee to Canada, but she later finds her working as a prostitute in a secret club for government officials. During this final meeting, Offred is disappointed to see that Moira’s defiant and rebellious spirit seems to have been extinguished; after having been recaptured and tortured by the government, Moira is now resigned to her unhappy existence. Samira Wiley, known for her role as Poussey Washington on Orange Is the New Black, will play Moira on Hulu’s new show. Ofglen Played by: Alexis Bledel via Hulu Ofglen is a fellow Handmaid and Offred’s assigned walking companion. Handmaids are not allowed to walk outside the house alone and must be accompanied by a fellow Handmaid with the expectation that they will police each other’s behavior. Initially, Offred is unsure whether or not Ofglen is a â€Å"true believer,† and she doesn’t dare do or say anything improper. Eventually, Ofglen reveals that she is actually a member of a secret resistance group. As news in Gilead is closely controlled by the government, Ofglen’s connection to the resistance makes her a source of valuable information for Offred. When Ofglen finds out about Offred’s strange relationship with the Commander, she urges her to spy on him for the resistance. In the show, Ofglen will be played by Alexis Bledel, who you may remember as Rory Gilmore on Gilmore Girls. The Commander Played by: Joseph Fiennes via empireonline.com An older, married man, the Commander is a high-level government official and the head of the house in which Offred works as a Handmaid. When the novel begins, Offred has only recently arrived at the Commander’s house and finds him to be a mysterious and intimidating figure. Although he is not supposed to have any contact with Offred outside of the reproductive Ceremony, the Commander begins to secretly invite Offred to his room in the evenings. During these forbidden meetings, he allows Offred to play Scrabble and read magazines, and on one occasion he takes her to an illicit club. As Offred gets to know him better, she realizes that the Commander’s life is empty and unfulfilled despite his considerable power within the regime. It is implied that the Commander is one of the architects of Gilead’s social structure, and though he frequently espouses conservative and sexist ideas, he seems to realize on some level that their experiment has failed. In the show, the Commander will be played by Joseph Fiennes of Shakespeare in Love and American Horror Story. As Fiennes is significantly younger than the Commander is in the novel, it will be interesting to see how his age alters the odd, almost paternal relationship between the Commander and Offred in the book. Serena Joy Played by: Yvonne Strahovski via Hulu Serena Joy is the elderly, infertile â€Å"Wife† of the commander. As a Wife, Serena enjoys the highest female rank in the household, but her sexual and reproductive role is purely symbolic. Offred recognizes Serena from her former career as a religious personality on television prior to the revolution. Before the Republic of Gilead was established, Serena Joy preached that women should stay at home and return to domestic, subservient roles (a lifestyle that she, as a working woman, did not actually practice). Barren, forbidden from working, and trapped in a loveless marriage, Serena Joy appears to be quite unhappy living the wholly domestic lifestyle she once promoted. Like other Wives, Serena views Handmaids as a necessary evil, and though she is not fond of Offred, she desperately desires a healthy baby. Concerned that the Commander may himself be infertile, Serena arranges for Offred to secretly have sex with Nick, the Commander’s chauffeur and gardener, in order to conceive. Serena will be played by Yvonne Strahovski of Dexter and 24. Like Joseph Fiennes, Strahovski is much younger than her character in the book, and we are excited to see how Serena’s youth will impact her already tense and competitive relationship with Offred. We can’t wait to find out how these characters will be interpreted in the show, and we’ll be watching closely to see how faithful the show’s creators remain to the source material. If you want to learn more about The Handmaid’s Tale, we’ve got you covered! Check out our study guide to find in-depth summaries, character analysis, themes, and more. Be sure to enter our raffle giveaway and get your own copy of  The Handmaids Tale  and a 1-year subscription!

Me, Myself, and I - Business Grammar Rules Explained

Me, Myself, and I - Business Grammar Rules Explained Me, Myself, and I is one of the most common business grammar errors we see in business writing training sessions. What is the Difference between Me, Myself, and I? I recently found this illustrative error reading one of my favorite blogs (unnamed now, since I don't want to link the error to this otherwise wonderful blog): Can you find the error? My sister-in-law and brother surprised Eric and I with some personalized cards along with a rubber, address stamp this week from Nameless Print. The text on the cards are coral - one of my favorite colors and also the color of the bridesmaid dresses along with the rubber stamp ink. I was semi-dreading writing out all the thank you cards from the wedding (my handwriting leaves a lot to be desired), but after receiving these, I think I may enjoy it a little. The error is here: My sister-in-law and brother surprised Eric and I with some personalized cards along with a rubber, address stamp this week from Nameless Print. The text on the cards are coral - one of my favorite colors and also the color of the bridesmaid dresses along with the rubber stamp ink. I was semi-dreading writing out all the thank you cards from the wedding (my handwriting leaves a lot to be desired), but after receiving these, I think I may enjoy it a little. It should read: My sister-in-law and brother surprised Eric and me with... hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(41482, 'bf4ee473-8e6b-46bf-b9e3-368d74d60b44', {}); Grammar Rules According to The Gregg Reference Manual and AP Style Guide: Use I, we, you, he, she, it, they (nominative/subject form personal pronoun): When the pronoun is the subject of a verb.I wrote to Eileen McIntyre. Use me, us, you, him, her, it, them (objective form personal pronoun): When the pronoun is the direct or indirect object of a verb. Larry gave Maris and us tickets for the opening.My sister-in-law and brother surprised Eric and me with... The reflexive personal pronoun myself gets tricky but just remember that myself is always used as the object of a sentence and/or as an intensive pronoun to add intensity to a sentence. Myself is never used as a subject pronoun. All personal pronouns have a matching reflexive pronoun: me - myself you - yourself you - yourselves her - herself it - itself he - himself one - oneself our - ourselves they - themselves An easy rule to remember is that the reflexive pronoun myself is always used as the object of a sentence, never the subject. I (subject) see (verb) myself (reflexive objective pronoun) eating a big chocolate cookie. You'd never write "Myself ate a big chocolate cookie." Use myself to direct the action expressed by the verb back to the subject.She found herself the only one in favor of the move. Use myself as an intensive pronoun to highlight a noun or pronoun already expressed.I will contact her myself."I will contact her" has the same meaning, but adding "myself" adds intensity. Me, Myself, and I Grammar Tip Here are two tips that will help you avoid this common me/myself/I business grammar error: Simply omit all words between the subject/verb and pronoun:My sister-in-law and brother surprised Eric and I.My sister-in-law surprised I... sounds odd to the ear. You'll know immediately that My sister-in-law surprised me... is correct. Omit the injected words for a quick check. If you were, for some odd reason, rarely allowed to include myself in business documents, you wouldn't miss it much.So, if you are confused, just don't use myself unless you are certain the usage is correct. This way, you will never write the common error:Please send the report to Karen and myself.You will know that the correct sentence is:Please send the report to Karen and me.

Critical Thinking Steps Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Critical Thinking Steps - Essay Example 19), an issue can be described as a question or a controversy that is responsible for a conversation or discussion that is taking place. It can further be described as the stimulus for whatever that the communicating parties are saying (Brown and Keeley, p. 19). The authors suggest that there are basically two types of issues namely the prescriptive and descriptive issues. The descriptive issues refer to issues that raise controversies or questions concerning past, present or future descriptions. On the other hand, prescriptive issues have been described as those issues which issues that raise concerns as to what is wrong or right. The case in the PDQ memo is a descriptive issue since the PDQ memo expressly states that â€Å"Specifically, the question is whether the compensation level for PDQ’s CEO is appropriate to the position with respect to current industry standards† (Mark Headlee, personal communication, October 1,2011 ). This clearly shows that the issue in the m emo questions whether it is right to pay the sum provided for the CEO after considering the current standards in that industry. According to Brown and Keeley (p.21), a conclusion can be described as the message that speaker or author wants you to accept as viable. The PDQ memo concludes by saying that, â€Å" Our finding is that the compensation of the chief executive is not appropriate to the current industry standards for a company the size of PDQ because it is maligned† (Mark Headlee, personal communication, October 1, 2011).

Techonolog Discusssion 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Techonolog Discusssion 3 - Essay Example There are various ‘Internet filtering software’ available to date. Two of them are Mcafee Safe eyes and Cyber Patrol. Mcafee Safe eyes allow users to control social networking and email accounts. Moreover, it also restricts certain keywords entered in search engines so that parental control can be applied to certain pornographic materials on the web (Internet filter software review 2012). Furthermore, it also allows setting the time limit for Internet usage. On the other hand, Cyber Patrol provides parameters for websites to be blocked, as they can be categorized in the black list and the allowed sites can be categorized in the white list (Internet filter software review 2012). In terms of user ratings, as per ‘internet-filter-review.toptenreviews.com’, Mcafee gains five stars in categories such as feature set, ease of use, ease of installation and filtering effectiveness. On the other hand, Cyber patrol gains 3 stars in all these three categories. The Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) focuses on issues associated with offensive material on the Internet that can be viewed on school and library computers. Likewise, CIPA enforces certain requirements on schools and libraries that are funded by E-rate programs. The E-rate program facilitates to make information technology more affordable to the eligible schools and libraries. Likewise, schools that are subjected to CIPA must establish an Internet safety policy that will address some of the clause provided below (Childrens internet protection act, n.d): The Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act COPPA is an act that is applicable to online collection of personal information from the age groups of 13 year old. Likewise, from April 1st 2000, a privacy policy is mandatory that will address how and when to find the verifiable consent from a guardian along with the responsibilities of an operator with regards to age

Coordinated management of meaning theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Coordinated management of meaning theory - Essay Example It is but natural that the two cannot walk together, unless they are agreed. No coordinated action is possible when the viewpoints are divergent. No one is individually responsible to construct a social situation. A problem surfaces on account of friction and interaction of conglomeration of issues in a group situation. Proper response to such issues can only be through consensus. But social realities often hinder such a possibility. A symposium was held recently in the Community Hall at Houston(TX). Local politicians, police officers and some NGOs who represented the interests of women participated in the symposium. The issue for discussion in the symposium was â€Å"Women safety, how to challenge increasing rape cases.† Initiating the debate the women representative said, â€Å"The politicians and police are responsible for the present state of affairs. No woman feels safe in cities. Police have no control on the issue and the politicians are not serious about it. The judiciary is helpless and the cases in courts linger on for years.† Even as she continued with her angry outburst, the senior police officer intervened. â€Å"Our department is not responsible for increase in rape cases. The moral fabric of the society has been torn asunder. The available security force with us is totally inadequate. The above observations were immediately contested by a police official. â€Å"We are not corrupt. If we receive a complaint against any police personnel, we take action as per disciplinary proceedings rules governing the police department. We are only the investigating agency in rape cases. For delay in the cases and for awarding punishment, we alone are not responsible. Often political pressure stalls the speedy investigation.† Here is a situation that explains the manner in which social words are created. This juncture can be as the point of creating social words. Our social words are created as per the demand of the

The Growing Population And Their Fight For Survival Essay

The Growing Population And Their Fight For Survival - Essay Example The author believes that the 9/11 tragedy emphasizes the scope of the danger which â€Å"weapons of mass destruction, and especially nuclear weapons, present to the humanity† (432). Prior to the catastrophe, many of its ingredients had already been obvious, including suicide bombers and the exaltation of the Asian hatred toward the West (Schell 433). The emergence of suicide bombers and the expanding market of nuclear weapons were both responsible for the escalation of violence (Schell 433). However, the hidden danger of the nuclear weapons in Russia and the United States can be more serious (Schell 433). Understanding the sources of the hate toward the United States is the task crucial for the future safety and stability in the U.S. (Schell 435). Atwood describes her visit Afghanistan in February 1978, several weeks before one of the most significant military conflicts broke out. Atwood writes that her relatives tried to change her plans (279). Yet, she could not lose the cha nce to see the houses of Kabul carved wood and taste the cultural and political atmosphere in the country (Atwood 279). Atwood visited the country with her child, and she hired a car to see the disastrous retreat of the British from Kabul (279). She felt the pressure of the cultural norms – men never talked to her directly, whereas women in the streets were wearing chadors (Atwood 280). She bought a chador in the market, and once put on, Atwood could feel turning blank in the visual field, being both there and not there (280).

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Leadership - Essay Example I started working at that restaurant from the age of sixteen as a first delivery personnel. Gradually, I got promoted and finally got the position of Assistant Manager. The duties and responsibilities of Assistant Manager included coordinating between the waiters and the kitchen, making sure that all the orders are filled in tie and waiters do not make any kind of mistake pertaining to filling the orders. Another responsibility was related to the decors of the restaurant and reporting any problem that might arise on the part of waiters or any other workers. Apart from me, there was also another Assistant who had the responsibilities of the kitchen supplies. Our manager was very proficient in running the restaurant. The manager was authoritative in nature and he wanted the instructions to be pursued in great detail. We were not allowed to make decisions on our own as there was no delegation at all. He did not have the habit of taking his assistants into confidence. The main objective of managing and maintaining the restaurant definitely got accomplished easily due to this style of leadership of our manager but his subordinates used to get highly disappointed with him including me, the other assistant and the waiters. Slowly and gradually, everyone started having problems with him as he was way more authoritative and wanted everyone to follow his instructions. Other workers used to manage somehow, but were very disappointed with the behavior of our manager since I had the habit of doing work based on my own decisions. Due to this, I started having serious conflicts with my manager. My job was also in danger as humiliating or unethical behavior with senior staff could cost me a loss of a good job. The situation got more serious when during a busy weekend I was asked by my manager regarding assisting the cashier when I was already on my toes in performing my old duties and, therefore, I did not have enough time for new responsibilities. At first, I politely refused him but he did not want to understand my position. I told that I was already busy in my previous duties but he was committed to his statement that only I had to help the cashier. That situation led to conflict between me and my manager and we argued with each other for about 30 minutes. At last, I had to obey his command and I was compelled to follow his instructions. I had decided in my mind that I had to talk to senior manager related to this issue. The next day, I went to the senior manager and told him the entire situation. At first, he also gave the glimpse of being an authoritative leader but later on he understood my view point and called the manager. We both were in the cabin of our Senior Manager and my manager was continually debating and arguing with him. Making someone understand a simple thing was never been so difficult for me. With all due respect, he was not only authoritative but also very stubborn. Anyway, the senior manager provided us both the list of duties of assistant manager and asked to follow the duties which were mentioned in the list. The list consisted of duties and responsibilities for both: the manager and the assistant manager. I was a bit relaxed that now the problem has been solved to certain extent and from now I will try to have minimal interaction with my manager, though it was not possible practically. To certain extent, I learnt to compromise and I had to kill my own ideas, feedback and

Topic is to be a catastrophic event of some kind Research Paper

Topic is to be a catastrophic event of some kind - Research Paper Example It is known to be the most devastating hurricane to strike in the history of the United States. It completely destroyed vast regions including New Orleans and Mississippi. It has been estimated that more than 1,700 people were killed and some thousands were found to be misplaced. Going by the records, Hurricane Katrina is regarded as the costliest storm because the damages caused by it were worth billions of dollars. The devastation brought about by Hurricane Katrina had maximum effect on the poor population. The storm exposed the abject poverty, political inefficiency and longstanding corruption in the southern states of USA. (Laforet, 2010) Factors that influenced Hurricane Katrina Scientists have proved that formation of tropical hurricanes like Hurricane Katrina is facilitated by the warming of waters of the oceans. Anthropogenic activities are responsible for global warming by way of massive emissions of dioxide of carbon, methane and other gases into the atmosphere. The scienti sts have estimated that huge loss of wetlands in the southeast of USA which is important for maintaining ecological balance is one factor that influenced the devastation caused the Hurricane Katrina. This loss of wetlands in New Orleans city was partly caused by man’s actions. When one of the dikes surrounding the city broke the city was left to remain submerged in the waters. No step was taken to clear the water. Three years prior to the Hurricane Katrina, the government designed a plan for reducing the destructive effect that can be caused by future floods and storms. The plan was to strengthen the levees surrounding the New Orleans city and execution of the plan needed an amount of $14 billion. Although storms of massive strength were already predicted, the Bush administration approved a much lower budget of $2 billion for the plan. Their excuse was that funds were needed for the security of their country and for the war in Iraq. Now that the government has demonstrated it s indifference towards the woes of the people and its inability to make proper Risk Management Plans, Bush has tried to justify himself by explaining that it was not possible to anticipate the rupture of the levees which guarded the New Orleans city. (Valenzuela, 2005) Preventive Measures that could be taken Voices have been raised to declare that nothing could have been done to prevent the massive destruction caused by Hurricane Katrina. Such declarations cannot be considered as true and rather they are completely wrong. Although all damages could not have been averted, concrete and planned measures could be taken to minimise the effect of the storm. The areas that were destroyed by the hurricane lie along a path that has already suffered by destructive hurricanes many times in the past. In spite of that nothing was done to prevent the devastating event like Hurricane Katrina. New Orleans is one of the most vulnerable areas. It is surrounded by water on three sides and it lies belo w sea level. For many years there has been warning from engineers and scientists that if a major hurricane occurs, it would have devastating effect on New Orleans city which is guarded only by a network of levees and pumps. After the destruction caused by Hurricane Betsy in 1965, the levee system structure was altered to survive the force of category three hurricane, but Hurricane Katrina was of category four which is much stronger in force. It was predicted by the scientists that a hurricane

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Leadership - Essay Example I started working at that restaurant from the age of sixteen as a first delivery personnel. Gradually, I got promoted and finally got the position of Assistant Manager. The duties and responsibilities of Assistant Manager included coordinating between the waiters and the kitchen, making sure that all the orders are filled in tie and waiters do not make any kind of mistake pertaining to filling the orders. Another responsibility was related to the decors of the restaurant and reporting any problem that might arise on the part of waiters or any other workers. Apart from me, there was also another Assistant who had the responsibilities of the kitchen supplies. Our manager was very proficient in running the restaurant. The manager was authoritative in nature and he wanted the instructions to be pursued in great detail. We were not allowed to make decisions on our own as there was no delegation at all. He did not have the habit of taking his assistants into confidence. The main objective of managing and maintaining the restaurant definitely got accomplished easily due to this style of leadership of our manager but his subordinates used to get highly disappointed with him including me, the other assistant and the waiters. Slowly and gradually, everyone started having problems with him as he was way more authoritative and wanted everyone to follow his instructions. Other workers used to manage somehow, but were very disappointed with the behavior of our manager since I had the habit of doing work based on my own decisions. Due to this, I started having serious conflicts with my manager. My job was also in danger as humiliating or unethical behavior with senior staff could cost me a loss of a good job. The situation got more serious when during a busy weekend I was asked by my manager regarding assisting the cashier when I was already on my toes in performing my old duties and, therefore, I did not have enough time for new responsibilities. At first, I politely refused him but he did not want to understand my position. I told that I was already busy in my previous duties but he was committed to his statement that only I had to help the cashier. That situation led to conflict between me and my manager and we argued with each other for about 30 minutes. At last, I had to obey his command and I was compelled to follow his instructions. I had decided in my mind that I had to talk to senior manager related to this issue. The next day, I went to the senior manager and told him the entire situation. At first, he also gave the glimpse of being an authoritative leader but later on he understood my view point and called the manager. We both were in the cabin of our Senior Manager and my manager was continually debating and arguing with him. Making someone understand a simple thing was never been so difficult for me. With all due respect, he was not only authoritative but also very stubborn. Anyway, the senior manager provided us both the list of duties of assistant manager and asked to follow the duties which were mentioned in the list. The list consisted of duties and responsibilities for both: the manager and the assistant manager. I was a bit relaxed that now the problem has been solved to certain extent and from now I will try to have minimal interaction with my manager, though it was not possible practically. To certain extent, I learnt to compromise and I had to kill my own ideas, feedback and

The Princess Bride Essay Example for Free

The Princess Bride Essay It would not come as a big surprise if the Princess Bride is better known on its movie version than on its literary genius. There are a great deal of people who prefer to watch a movie than to read a good book and that is exactly where they are missing some of the fun a good book could offer. Sure, many would argue that movie is better since your eyes could capture what the book could not illustrate. However, there is also a certain magic in reading a book and envisioning the scenes than having them spoon-fed at you, not to mention that in a book, you could have the original and the full story. This does not mean, however, that the movie version of the Princes Bride is not worth watching since it is. The film and the book version alike shares a great deal in common, although there are certain things on which the two differs. Both could be considered a great masterpiece because the exciting and touching element of the story is always there that it is hard to miss. Westley and Buttercup for one, went overboard with their love for each other that it leaves no doubt in the audience mind that both means everything and that the two are worthy of each other. Inigo could convey the knack of fascination to a completely new level, and there could be no doubt that he was greatly devastated by the killing of his father and that he is justified for his plans of revenge. Fezzik, ion spite of his being a hired thug, is sweet at heart and is justified to do something right and good for once in his life. The audience, upon watching or reading the Princess Bride could not help but feel for these people and be mesmerized and held up on their escapades. The Princess Bride is basically divided into two stories. The 1st one of which is allegedly an shortened version of S. Morgenstern’s enigmatically, amusing take on the typical fairytale of great adventures in opposing good and gallant young innocents in opposition to the deceitful bad or evil guys. The second part of the story narrates the transformational occurrences which led Goldman to write the good parts abridged version and screenplay of the tale in which the good conquers evil. The story of fairytale is also ever present in the story; it is just as classic and exemplary which concerns the reconciliation of father and son as well as the search to recover an apparently lost gift. This too, is an entertaining story with indistinguishable connotations, both of which makes the audience unsure if the ending would be happy or tragic and these elements are similar in the film and the novel version of the Princess Bride although the novel version is more detailed in its telling something one could not hope to meet in a film version. William Goldman has one artistic stunt which is very beneficial for him in writing his literary masterpieces and was greatly evident in this particular story. Goldman is definitely an expert when it comes to run-on-sentences used to illustrate an action scene. The most notorious action scene in the story is the swordfight between Indigo and the Man in Black which is full of such sentences; however, one could not deny that the book holds a much greater succession of these scenes which is not present in the film. One could not help but notice that with its detailed plot and classy wittiness, this finely honed fairy tale is meant to suit tweens, teens, and adults. The version of the book, however, is more graphic than that of the film’s version to the point that the adventurous and exciting moments are more concentrated and the creepy scenes are much more scarier when read through the book than watched on the film. In the most passionate scenarios, Goldman concentrated on erecting tension and suspense wherein a small amount of illustrative accounts are kept short and concise. In the story (in film and in book) they managed to show that heroes comes in different shapes, sizes, gender, and the like wherein this particular story of good vs. evil showed how friends and strangers alike joined teamed up with each other to beat the bad guys and help the fight in keeping a great love alive. It is not possible to analyze the story without comparing the version of the book from that of the film. William Goldman, the author of the book, is also the one responsible in writing the film’s screenplay so the movie did not break away much from the original plot of the book. However, although there are certain scenarios which are similar in the screen and page version of the story, there is no arguing that the book is more detailed in so many parts, and that it contains more sinister, and frightening settings which are at times not in the film version or were toned down for cinema purposes. The version of the book also goes more profound into the mentalities of the major characters, and side characters are much cultivated, adding the sort of profundity one could never hope to obtain by watching a movie bound by time limits. As was the case in so many fairy tales, the Princess Bride did not depart from the traditional case wherein the story is narrated by a storyteller, with the effect of prompting the book lovers away from their daily lives and on into a world of magic and fantasy. Goldman’s wild journeys bring to mind every sensation and sentiment possible and the plot moves so fast in some areas that have the audiences catching their breaths. One of the things sure to catch the audience attention in the book are depictions of Prince Humperdinck’s Zoo of death as well as additional character advancement of Fezzik and Inigo Montoya by means of moving childhood memories. The portrayal of Humperdinck’s hobby enhances the element of pure evil which is lacking in the film version of the story. The film version of the Princess Bride is also enveloped in a syrupy story of a sick boy who is fortunate enough to have a loving grandfather who read the story to him. The novel version of Goldman’s story however, is enveloped in a completely different, not-so-syrupy story and it is this particular story which raises the captivating account of the Princess Bride from a cunning riff on fantasy stereotypes to a much more momentous and touching book. There are those who holds that the Princess bride is nothing more than a story of passion, duels, miracles, giants, and true love however, the Princess Bride is all that and something more. It is about the function of fantasy as well as its enticing promise of a break from the tiring world of which we are in. This is evident in Goldman’s prologue: true love and high adventure. I believed in that once. I thought my life was going to follow that path Obviously it didnt, but I dont think theres high adventure left any more. The Princess Bride is a story of fantasy which entices its audience to escape the world of reality and have a taste of fantasy and magic at its most demonstrative way. The story is presumably an edited version of a much longer work of S. Morgenstern. Goldman often disrupts the tale to remark on why he decided to remove a particular section of the story or he presents small clarifications on how effectual he felt some passages are. There are those who would view these breaks of narrative as nothing short of irritating, however, if one looks close enough, one would realize that the breaks came from a part of the storyteller who does not want to let go of the diversion and high romanticism of the said tale. The book is supposedly a tale wherein the hero always triumphs over evil and wherein the enemy is so evil, so immoral and dishonorable to the point that the audience would not feel an ounce of understanding or compassion for him, and wherein true love defeats everything and always succeed. However, all of these things mentioned above are fantasy and the point of the author’s intermissions (most particularly his delicately touching ending) is that life is not fantasy, life is not fair, and life is not inspiring â€Å"It’s just fairer than death, that’s all.† What makes the novel version of the story more touching than the film version is that, at the end, one could not help but realize that the enchanting tale of Westley and Buttercup is not really anything but a long mourning for confused and lost romanticism. This book, in a way, tells a person, by relating the most ludicrously tale of them all, is that our ideals or notions of love is of any real use and that by the time one’s end is near one would realize that they have lived a life nothing short of ordinary, and if perchance one did something out of the ordinary, that something occurred by means of serendipity and nothing more. It would make one realize that all that one would have left in the end is the recollection of a time when one have great faith on all of those ideals to the point that the prospect of disappointment did not even cross one’s mind. Of course, there could be other interpretations for the book, yet I believe that this is basically the reason why Goldman stated that the moral of the tale is â€Å"What you do with it will be of more than passing interest to us all.† To conclude, the one thing which I would greatly recommend is for one to read the book and watch the film, however, it would be much better if one read the book first to avoid confusion or to have better understanding of the plot of the story once you watch it in the screen. This advise is mainly because one would have a better understanding of the movie once one know the story behind it by reading the version of the book, it would also save one from getting left behind (if he is watching with someone who has read the book) in the story. Also, save for the fact that the film changed the book’s vague ending with a happier one and one would anticipate a mass entertainment film, the film version of the Princess Bride remained close and devoted to the abridgment of the book, and one would not be surprised to find this out especially if they know that the book’s author and the film’s screenwriter is the same. Works Cited Goldman, William. The Princess Bride: S Morgenstern’s Classic Tale of True Love and High Adventure. Del Rey; 25th anniversary edition 1987.

Challenges to Infant and Toddler Goods Market

Challenges to Infant and Toddler Goods Market [Name: Yuet Chun LEUNG] 1.0Â  Introduction We are the fastest growing retailer of infant and toddler goods in the Australian market. As we are gearing up to meet the market demand, it appears that our online sales are growing. We are looking at what other retailers have done and experimenting with new forms of organising to support our expected growth. Thus, we can be a successful online retailer. Online retails being problems, the customer cannot try on the goods before buying them and international online orders with caution. 2.0Â  Summary of the issue The customer always complain they cannot try the product before buying them and what they do if they cannot get what they ordered. We can do the refund system if customer really do not like the product with no shipping costs that we can attract more customers to purchase products on our online retailer. According to Harvard Business Review (2017) Zappos provider clever solution to the customer cannot try the items before buying product. Zappos eliminated shipping costs and using the call center to establish the strong relationship with customers. The most important thing is customers can try them all on, and send back the ones they didnt like, gratis. (Harvard Business Review, 2017). Besides, customer always worries about if they cannot get what they ordered. We would provide the new order status page on the final page on our stores checkout. It is useful for see real-time updates on the location of their shipment and check the status of their shipment without needing to contact you directly (Shopify help center, 2017) to let customer check it and reassurance. Customers would concerns about the purchase fees when buying from foreign. According to Findlaw (2017) before you order, you need to know what is the product priced and is it converted to U.S.D if there displayed different currency. We accept U.S.D only, that would be more clearly, customers would not confuse with that. 3.0Â  Implications for the business Any online retailers problem or issue cannot without communication with customers. Therefore, we would create the new department which is Live Chat/Real-Time Support. According to Birkett (2017), 56% of responders have used live chat/real-time support to answer the question on companys website, 49% of responders are using this system for online-purchase questions. Furthermore, when live caht/real-time support, the staff can understand what the customer needs, that staff can recommend other items suit for customers, the sales would increase either. Also, we will provide the customer service training to our new department Live Chat/Real-Time Support use the positive language, find out the easiest solution, we know that, somethings could not be done and we have to explain it to customers in positive way (Kolodynska and Kolodynska, 2017). Make customers feel like we are bring the shop to customers home. Finally, we try to satisfy what all customers need, answer their online shopping question then our online retailer sales would substantially increase. Reference List Harvard Business Review. (2017). Zappos and the Connection Between Structure and Strategy. [online] Available at: https://hbr.org/2015/06/zappos-and-the-connection-between-structure-and-strategy Findlaw. (2017). Problems with Online Shopping FindLaw. [online] Available at: http://consumer.findlaw.com/consumer-transactions/problems-with-online-shopping.html Shopify Help Center. (2017). Order status page. [online] Available at: https://help.shopify.com/manual/orders/status-tracking Birkett, A. (2017). What Do You Do When Your Customers Are Afraid To Shop Online?. [online] CXL. Available at: https://conversionxl.com/customers-afraid-shop-online/ Kolodynska, O. and Kolodynska, O. (2017). How to Say No to Customers Without Making them Angry. [online] LiveChat. Available at: https://www.livechatinc.com/blog/how-to-say-no-to-customers-without-making-them-angry/

Theme of Fate in Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare Essay -- Shakespeare,

Some people may not believe that destiny is something that truthfully exists in the world. These people doubt that there is anything that is actually meant to be, or supposed to happen, thinking that there is always a way around troubling predicaments, knowing that it is not necessary to turn out just one certain way. They trust that whatever occurs in their lives comes as a result of the decisions that they make with their own free will. Others believe that whatever happens during the course of their lives is inevitable and every event is laid out before them like a road map to life, in other words, fate. William Shakespeare's play, Romeo and Juliet has fate as an exceptionally crucial element which makes fate as important as any character in the production. The events leading up to and during the party were definitely caused by fate. The moment that Romeo and Juliet meet is the exact incident that leads to their death, however unaware these "star-crossed lovers" are to that fact. T hus, fate is undoubtedly the most responsible influence for the couple's tragedy. It is not merely a coincidence that Romeo and Juliet meet in the first place. A serving man comes across Romeo and Benvolio in the first act, unaware that they are Montague?s, and informs them about the Capulet party: "My master is the great rich Capulet, and, if you be not / of the house of Montague?s, I pray come and crush a / cup of wine." (Romeo and Juliet I ii, 86-88) It is by fate that Romeo and Benvolio run into the Capulet serving man and discover the party. It is not just a simple accident that the serving man tells the two cousins about the party at which Romeo is destined, yet unaware, that he will meet his love. Furthermore, before Romeo attends the Cap... ...nowingly help Romeo kill himself, and indirectly kill Juliet in the process. Fate is the controlling force of the events that lead up to, and cause, the deaths of Rome and Juliet. It is no coincidence that Romeo meets the Capulet servant and is invited to the party. Fate brought him to the house of the Capel?s where he was destined to meet his future wife, Juliet. At the risk of being killed, the two lovers married their supposed loathà ©d enemy and consummated the marriage without even the slightest hint of detection from anyone who did not know of the wedding. Unfortunately, their sweet success would be short lived and their lives would be a downward spiral staring with Romeo?s banishment and ending with their deaths. Taking into consideration that Romeo and Juliet are predetermined to meet, love and die together, fate is clearly the dominant force of the play.

Drama Script :: Papers

Drama Script MRS JOHNSTONE (shouting) - Put that gun down! Please son, please! MICKEY (looking in Mrs Johnstone) - Stay out of this! This is between me and him, alright! MRS JOHNSTONE (tears coming in her eyes) - please forgive him, son! Please EDWARD - Mickey, listen to your mother, she is right. Maybe we can talk this through MICKEY (looking at Edward in the eye) - You took my wife (Linda) away from me, and you want to talk this through. You don’t deserve to live, you bastard! EDWARD - Mickey, please! Put the gun down. MICKEY- Say one more word, and I’ll shoot you MRS JOHNSTONE (on her knees) - No Mickey put that gun down, please! Two policemen run toward the stage unexpectedly. Both of them holding on to a loaded pistol POLICE 1 (loudly) - Put that gun down, place your hand on your head and step away. MRS JOHNSTONE - Mickey, before you do any thing stupid, listen to me! I have something important to say to you. MICKEY- What could be more important, then to see the death of Edward Lyons MRS JOHNSTONE - Don’t shoot him! And listen to me MICKEY - I can shoot that bastard, if I want to. Is not like that bastard, is related to me. MRS JOHNSTONE (weeping slowly) - You can’t shoot Mickey! EDWARD (smiling at Mrs Jonhstone) - And why not! MRS JOHNSTONE - Because he†¦is MICKEY – he is what! MRS JOHNSTONE (on her knees) – he is you brother†¦.. Mickey†¦ he is your twin brother. EDWARD (with a surprised tone) – Is this †¦.true, Mrs Johnstone. Mickey is my twin brother! Mrs Johnstone nods her head slowly and looks at Mickey. MICKEY (with a shock facial expression) – please tell me you are joking! I get it you are lying to me, so I’ll put the gun and not shoot Edward. MRS JOHNSTONE (calmly) – Does it look like, I’m joking.

The Multiple Intelligence Theory

Developed in 1983 by Dr. Howard Gardener, a professor at the very prestigious Harvard University, the multiple intelligence theory states that testing a person’s intelligence through IQ tests is very restricting. In his very popular work, Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligence, Dr. Howard Gardner cited eight kinds of intelligence that are innate in men- linguistic intelligence (â€Å"word smart†); logical-mathematical intelligence (â€Å"number/reasoning smart†); spatial intelligence (â€Å"picture smart†); bodily-kinesthetic intelligence (â€Å"body smart†); musical intelligence (â€Å"music smart†); interpersonal intelligence (â€Å"people smart†); intrapersonal intelligence (â€Å"self smart†); and naturalist intelligence (â€Å"nature smart†) (Armstrong, 2000). Logical-Mathematical Intelligence Those who possess the logical-mathematical intelligence would usually end up as a scientist or mathematician. They are mostly sensitive to and have the capacity to differentiate logical and numerical patterns (Gardner & Hatch, 1989, being well versed with everything that has something to do with logic, abstractions, inductive and deductive reasoning and most of all, numbers. Because of this, they are said to be excellent in mathematics, chess, computer programming and other activities that involves numbers and logic (WIkipedia.org). They also have the ability to handle long chains of reasoning (Gardner & Hatch, 1989). Linguistic Intelligence Those who possess this form of intelligence on the other hand are most likely to end up as poets and journalists for it has got something to do with words, be it spoken or written. These are the people who are sensitive to sounds, rhythms and of course, the meanings of different words. Likewise, these people are very knowledgeable in the different functions of language (Gardner & Hatch, 1989). They are good in reading, writing and even telling stories. At the same time, they are good in memorizing dates and words (Wikipedia.org, 2007). They rely on taking notes, reading, listening to lectures, discussions and debates as their primary source of knowledge. These people are said to learn foreign languages easily, having a very high verbal memory and the capacity to understand the structure of words and sentences. Musical Intelligence People having musical intelligence tend to become composers, violinist, musicians, singers, etc. They have the ability to produce and at the same time, appreciate rhythm, pitch and timbre together with the appreciation of the different forms through which music is expressed (Gardner & Hatcher, 1989). Those who also possess this kind of intelligence tend to learn and memorize different types of information through the use of music. More often than not, they work efficiently and effectively with music playing in the background (Wikipedia.org, 2007). Spatial Intelligence Possessing this kind of intelligence, a person may end up as a navigator, sculptor as they are good in visualizing and mentally manipulating objects (Wikipedia.org, 2007). With this perception comes their accuracy in performing transformation based on their perceptions (Gardner & Hatch, 1989). Body-Kinesthetic Intelligence Those who possess this kind of intelligence, on the other hand end up as athletes or dancers, as this has something to do with movement. People who are intelligent based on this often prefer activities that make use of body movements, which make them also good in building and making things. They remember things through their body, making use of what is known as muscle memory (Gardner & Hatcher, 1989). Interpersonal Intelligence Possessing this type of intelligence makes one individual a future therapist or salesman, having the capacity to respond to the moods, temperaments, motivations and desires of other people (Gardner & Hatcher, 1989).   They are usually extroverts who excel so much in interacting with others. Intrapersonal Intelligence They end up to be a person with detailed, accurate, self knowledge that could access one’s feelings and be able to draw them in guiding behavior, strengths, weaknesses, etc (Gardner & Hatcher, 1989). Education and the Multiple Intelligence Theory The concept of intelligence permeates our day to day lives just like any other psychological concept. Before completing and even entering an institute of education, students are asked to complete and aptitude exam that would measure their intelligence quotient or IQ that could determine their preparedness and capacity to learn in institutions like the one they are applying in. Intelligence tests have been a very important tool that is being used in most educational institutions that place a very high importance on the relationship between intelligence and education (Wagner & Sternberg, 1984) According to Dr. Gardner, most of the schools and cultures tend to focus more on the linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences of its pupils thus raising the self esteem levels of individuals who are well versed in their language, of individuals who know so much about math, individuals who are expert in reasoning. The different cultures and societies fail to recognize the achievements and intelligence of those people who have display other types of intelligence- the artists, architects, musicians, designers, athletes, and those other who truly show their importance in the other aspects of the society (Armstrong, 2000). It is also because of the societies focus on the linguistic and logical-mathematic intelligence that schools are unable to address the needs of students who are not gifted with these kinds of intelligence. Unfortunately, those who have not been giving due recognition for the intelligence they have [as they possess other kinds of intelligence apart from those society deems very important] usually suffer ADD or Attention Deficit Disorder (Armstrong, 2000). As Gardner reiterated in his study of MI theory, an individual is mechanically equipped with unique intelligence to cope up in a diverse cultural society. It provides students with options to success and recognition for whatever talents they have. Linguistic intelligence and personal intelligence gives great opportunities for individuals in a globally competitive society. The structural views of education are now diverse in regarding intelligence out of just the normal scope of intelligence. The multiple intelligence theory is said to be a threat to formal education, a death knell as they say, believing that teaching to address a single kind of intelligence is already hard. However, most schools have actually responded positively to Gardner’s theory as it is said to validate educator’s everyday experience, recognizing the difference in the way students think and learn. At the same time, educators have recognized the possession of the seven kinds of intelligence as a necessity in living life well. It is for this reason that teachers are being called to attend to all kinds of intelligence, not just the two kinds of intelligence traditionally addressed by educators and educational institutions (Smith, 2002). MI is a means to foster high quality work. MI should be used as a tool to promote a high quality of education instead of just a theory (Smith, 2002). Creativity is promoted in the nuance of education and by which it helps the production of more creative ideas to continually support the existing knowledge we learn in school. Students are also encouraged to learn beyond the four walls of the classroom, in preparing them for the real world. They are equipped with facts that they could apply in their day-to-day lives. Gardner’s multiple intelligence theory has inspired a lot of schools to undergo educational reforms that could help raise the quality of education. According to Thomas Armstrong (2000), several methods have been incorporated in teaching academic topics. For example, the study of the law of supply and demand in economics does not just involve linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences such as studying by reading about it and the mathematical expressions by which the law is expressed. In the study, spatial intelligence is also incorporated through examination of graphic charts, observing the laws of the natural world (naturalist), the human world of commerce (interpersonal), the law in terms of one’s own body (bodily-kinesthetic and intrapersonal) or even the writing/finding a song that proves the accuracy of the law of supply and demand. It is for this reason that numerous schools have redesigned their curriculum to satisfy the needs of the people possess different types of intelligence. Arts PROPEL, in the US have developed a series of modules that serve the goals of the curriculum as well as the needs of its students. MI is a means to foster high quality work. Using MI as a tool to promote high quality student work rather than using the theory as an end in and of itself (Smith, 2002). Creativity is promoted in the nuance of education and by which it helps the production of more creative ideas to continually support the existing knowledge we learn in school. Students are also provided not only to think inside of the boundaries of the classroom but rather prepare them in the real world and set them in more ways than one. One which is only equipped with facts but not able to apply it in situations he or she faces. In the same way, Patricia Bolanos designed a public school in Indianapolis that supports the multiple intelligence theory. The curriculum is designed in such a way that it helps in finding the kind of intelligence a student is said to be possessing and at the same time, guide them in enriching what they have. Through the different steps that these schools have taken, they have in a way, considered the role of people who exhibit other kinds of intelligence. At the same time, the theory of multiple intelligence has become of vital importance to language teachers as it has allowed them to examine their teaching methods and how it effectively caters the need of their students. Different approaches shall be used in order to address the intelligence profiles of the students. Once again, the said theory has been responsible in enhancing the curriculum design, lesson planning and program development of various schools (Zulkuf Altan, 2001). Conclusion The rise of Howard Gardner’s multiple intelligence theory has lead to different reactions by the academe and psychologists, considering its importance in every day lives. Schools require students to meet a certain score in their achievement tests before allowing them to enter into their respectable institutions. It showed the society that other intelligences, aside the two traditional ones that have been regarded as important in the society is important and should also be taken into consideration. Students have different interests, react to different subject matters and topics and of course, adopt different ways of taking in information (Gardner, 1995).. It is for this reason that educational institutions nowadays have readjusted their curriculum, in their hopes to cater to artistic, musical, body intelligences, etc. It is believed that it is only through this that schools could properly respond to the needs of their students having possessed a different type of intelligence, aside from the traditional, more popular ones (Gardner, 1995). With the multiple intelligence theory, various learning-styles have been built on particular sense modalities such as auditory, visual and kinesthetics, believing that it is only through this that educators may transmit the lesson and information to the brains of their students without giving them a hard time, giving them the access to information that could best meet their needs (Gardner, 1995). REFERENCES Armstrong, T. (2000). Multiple Intelligences. Retrieved October 21, 2007 From http://www.thomasarmstrong.com/multiple_intelligences.htm Klein, P.D. (1997). Multiplying the Problems of Intelligence by Eight: A Critique of  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gardner’s Theory. Retrieved October 21, 2007 from Jstor Database Gardner, H. (1995). Multiple Intelligences as a Catalyst. English Journal Vol. 84 No.8. p.8. retrieved October 21, 2007 from Jstor Database Gardner, H. and Hatch, T. (1989) Multiple Intelligence Go to School Educational  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Implications  Ã‚  Ã‚   of the Theory of Multiple Intelligences, by Howard Gardner. Educational  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Researcher.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Volume 8. No. pp.4-10. Retrieved October 21, 2007  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   from Jstor Database Smith, Mark. (2002). Howard gardner, multiple intelligences and education.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved October 20, 2007 from http://www.infed.org/thinkers/gardner.htm Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (2007). Multiple intelligences, Retrieved on  Ã‚   October 20, 2007 from  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_multiple_intelligences Zulkuf Altan, M. (2001). Intelligence Reframed: Multiple Intelligences for the 21st  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Century, Review. TESOL Quarterly: Vol. 35, No. 1, p. 35. Retrieved October 21,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2007  Ã‚  Ã‚   from Jstor Database      

Dance as an Art Form

The history of dance as an art can be traced with the emergence of cultures around the world and with the evolution of mankind. In early civilizations, dance has been a very essential part of their primitive cultures. When people asked for rain, they danced for the gods of rain. Or when they want to have a good catch, they would move as if they were pulling a net full of fishes. In essence, man expressed himself through movement when oral and spoken language was still on their nascent stage. Together with the visual arts, dance was the first mode of expression and communication.With the progress of different societies, dance has also evolved and adapted to the changes. From religious activities to public performances, dance and other similar movements were popularized as a means of easily understanding the message. Facial expressions, activities familiar to the audience were also characteristic of this art form. As the society advanced to a more sophisticated and more interactive com munity of cultures, dance has also evolved and surpassed its role in the religious activities and courts of rulers. Social dancing as we know it today traces its origins in three possible foundations.Ballroom dancing for example became popular with courtesans in the 16th and 17th centuries in Europe and not much participated by the commoners. Such exclusivity of dance to the aristocracy distanced ballroom dancing from being patronized by the greater public. It was only after the political and social reforms in the 18th and 19th centuries that the dances of the aristocracy also became popular with the masses. Thus, from being confined to a wealthy few, dance has also benefited from the economic and political victories of the lower and middle classes.Somehow, dance became an integral part of the politicization of culture. The most popular of these ballroom dances is the waltz which originated from the Austrian courts. The dance itself represented the political trend. As the society de viated from dogmatism and rigidity so was the spirit they found in waltz. Due to its popularity, waltz as an art form began to deteriorate and was eclipsed by other dances now unconfined to the elite. The 20th century found the convergence of South American and Caribbean music and rhythm which had more primitive origins.Social dancing evolved from its origins in Europe to a concoction of various cultures. Tap dance and folk dances also influenced the development of social dancing that through time, artistic components were added and invented or revived to produce a more vibrant variety of dances. In the course of the evolution of human societies, culture has adapted to the changes brought about by the modifications in the economic foundations of the era. Culture, as a part of the superstructure, changed through time.The early models of human production system were a very nature-dependent system and as a result they also had a nature-themed dance or dances which depicted movements, p henomenon and mysteries in nature. Come the slave societies, dance depicted the state of the society. Though there was a lineated domain of dance. The ruling slave owners appreciated dances which exemplified their dominion over their slaves, depicted their power while slave communities dance as they intend to be liberated and break free from the bonds of slavery.That is how society and culture works in dynamic and co-relational interactions. Different societies have different levels of appreciation for dance. Aesthetics can not only be solely responsible for the development of dance, utilitarian values are also of prime consideration. The emergence of a ruling class made it possible for dance to attain its position as an art in the courts of the kings and emperors. Utilized as a form of entertainment for the ruler and visiting dignitaries, dance has been appreciated more ever since for the aesthetic qualities that it had than message that it conveyed.What was pleasant for the audien ce became a prime reason for the development of dances. What the ruling class appreciated as art were also the same for their subjects. Historical accounts suggest how dance reached such point beginning as early as the Egyptian civilization. Egyptian society witnessed the evolution of dance from simple hunting rituals during the ancient times. Connected with the religious aspect of their economic activities, dance was used to summon goodwill from the gods and assure bountiful keep.As the Egyptian society progressed, dance was separated from its ritualistic character and was focused in the formal religious necessities. Evident in their movements were the daily activities of the Egyptian people. Greek culture draws its ancestry from Egypt and similarly started out as part of the religious exercises. Dance was seen incorporated to drama and dance festivities. Similarly, Greek dance expressed the activities of the people and each dance corresponds to a certain activity and character of the audience.In Europe, the complete evolution of dance from its utilitarian concepts to an aesthetic value started to surface as early as 364 BC. Though the main purpose was really to honor the gods, dance was also used to entertain the population in times of plagues or any catastrophic events. Since then, dance has been viewed as an art to be appreciated by the population and not only by the gods. Therefore, historically speaking, dance has served its purpose of contextualizing of human thoughts. Expression of these thoughts provided the reason for evolution.